Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-jtdwj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-31T12:52:44.437Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Using Contextual Analyses to Examine the Meaning of Neuropsychological Variables Across Samples of English-Speaking and Spanish-Speaking Older Adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 December 2011

Karen L. Siedlecki ,
Tatjana Rundek ,
Mitchell S.V. Elkind ,
Ralph L. Sacco ,
Yaakov Stern  and
Clinton B. Wright
Karen L. Siedlecki*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, New York
Tatjana Rundek
Affiliation:
Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Mitchell S.V. Elkind
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons and Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York Department of Epidemiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons and Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
Ralph L. Sacco
Affiliation:
Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
Yaakov Stern
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons and Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
Clinton B. Wright
Affiliation:
Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Karen Siedlecki, 113 W. 60th Street, Department of Psychology (LL 813) New York, New York, 10023. E-mail: klsiedlecki@fordham.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The meanings of several target neuropsychological variables, including measures of executive functioning, were examined using contextual analysis across a sample of English-speakers and a sample of Spanish-speakers. Results of the contextual analysis, which examined the contributions of the latent constructs of memory, psychomotor speed, visual spatial ability, and knowledge and comprehension, to the target neuropsychological variables indicate that each of the target variables likely reflects the unique contribution of several reference abilities. These findings provide evidence that the neuropsychological variables are multi-dimensional. The patterns of relations were similar across the samples of English and Spanish speakers. (JINS, 2012, 18, 223–233)

Keywords

Contextual analysisExecutive functioningMemoryPsychomotor speedStructural equation modelingRaceEthnicityVascular cognitive impairment

Information

Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , March 2012 , pp. 223 - 233
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Arbuckle, J.L. (1996). Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data. In G.A. Marcoulides & R.E. Schumacker (Eds.), Advanced structural equation modeling (pp. 243–277). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Arbuckle, J.L. (2007). Amos 17.0 [Computer Program]. Chicago, IL: SPSS.Google Scholar
Ashendorf, L., Jefferson, A.L., Green, R.C., Stern, R.A. (2009). Test-retest stability on the WRAT-3 reading subtext in geriatric cognitive evaluations. Journal of Clinical Experimental Neuropsychology, 31, 605–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beery, K. (1997). The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration (4th ed.). Parsippany, NJ: Modern Curriculum Press.Google Scholar
Carroll, J.B. (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies. New York: Cambridge Press.Google Scholar
Deary, I.J. (2000). Looking down on human intelligence: From psychometrics to the brain. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D'Elia, L.F., Satz, P., Uchiyama, C.L., White, T. (1996). Color Trails Test. Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Del Ser, T., González-Montalvo, J., Martínez-Espinosa, S., Delgado-Villapalos, C., Bermejo, F. (1997). Estimation of pre-morbid intelligence in Spanish people with the Word Accentuation Test and its application to the diagnosis of dementia. Brain and Cognition, 33, 343–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, L.M., Dunn, L.M. (1997). Examiner's manual for the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Third edition. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.Google Scholar
Dunn, L., Padilla, E., Lugo, D., Dunn, L. (1986). Test de Vocabulario en Imagenes Peabody–Adaptacion Hispanoamericana [Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Latin American adaptation]. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.Google Scholar
Enders, C.K., Bandalos, D.L. (2001). The relative performance of full information maximum likelihood estimation for missing data in structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling, 8, 430–457.Google Scholar
Flanagan, D.P., Harrison, P.L. (2005). Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Flanagan, J.L., Jackson, S.T. (1997). Test-retest reliability of three aphasia tests: Performance of non-brain-damaged older adults. Journal of Communication Disorders, 30, 33–43.Google Scholar
Flowers, K.A., Robertson, C. (1985). The effect of Parkinson's disease on the ability to maintain a mental set. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 48, 517–529.Google Scholar
Gronwall, D.M., Wrightson, P. (1974). Delayed recovery of intellectual function after minor head injury. Lancet, 9, 605–609.Google Scholar
Hachinski, V., Iadecola, C., Petersen, R.C., Breteler, M.M., Nyenhuis, D.L., Black, S.E., Leblanc, G.G. (2006). National institute of neurological disorders and stroke-Canadian stroke network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards. Stroke, 37, 2220–2241.Google Scholar
Harrison, J.E., Buxton, P., Husain, M., Wise, R. (2000). Short test of semantic and phonological fluency: Normal performance, validity, and test-retest. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39, 181–191.Google Scholar
Heaton, R.K., Chelune, G.J., Talley, J.L., Kay, G.G., Curtiss, G. (1993). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual-Revised and expanded. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resource.Google Scholar
Hu, L.-T., Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, M.K., Hashtroudi, S., Lindsay, D.S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 3–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., Weintraub, S. (1983). The Boston naming test. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.Google Scholar
Maj, M., D'Elia, L., Satz, P., Janssen, R., Zaudig, M., Uchiyama, C., Chervinsky, A. (1993). Evaluation of two new neuropsychological tests designed to minimize cultural bias in the assessment of HIV-1 seropositive per sons: A WHO study. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 8, 123–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manly, J.J., Jacobs, D.M., Touradji, P., Small, S.A., Stern, Y. (2002). Reading level attenuates differences in neuropsychological performance between African-American and White elders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 341–348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matthews, C.G., Klove, H. (1964). Instruction manual for the Adult Neuropsychology Test Battery. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Medical School.Google Scholar
McGrew, K.S. (2009). CHC theory and the human cognitive abilities project: Standing on the shoulders of the giants of psychometric intelligence research. Intelligence, 37, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mungus, D., Widaman, K.F., Reed, B.R., Tomaszewski Farias, S. (2011). Measurement invariance of neuropsychological tests in diverse older adults. Neuropsychology, 25, 260–269.Google Scholar
Prabhakaran, S., Wright, C.B., Yoshita, M., Delapaz, R., Brown, T., DeCarli, C., Sacco, R.L. (2008). Prevalence and determinants of subclinical brain infarction: The Northern Manhattan Study. Neurology, 70, 425–430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sacco, R.L., Boden-Albala, B., Abel, G., Lin, I.-F., Elkind, M., Hauser, W.A., Shea, S. (2001). Race-ethnic disparities in the impact of stroke risk factors: The northern Manhattan stroke study. Stroke, 32, 1725–1731.Google Scholar
Salthouse, T.A. (2005). Relations between cognitive abilities and measures of executive functioning. Neuropsychology, 19, 532–545.Google Scholar
Salthouse, T.A., Pink, J.E., Tucker-Drob, E.M. (2008). Contextual analysis of fluid intelligence. Intelligence, 36, 464–486.Google Scholar
Salthouse, T.A., Siedlecki, K.L., Krueger, L.E. (2006). An individual differences analysis of memory control. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 102–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siedlecki, K.L., Salthouse, T.A., Berish, D.E. (2005). Is there anything special about the aging of source memory? Psychology and Aging, 20, 19–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siedlecki, K.L., Manly, J.J., Brickman, A.M., Schupf, N., Tang, M.-X., Stern, Y. (2010). Do neuropsychological tests have the same meaning in Spanish speakers as they do in English speakers? Neuropsychology, 25, 402–411.Google Scholar
Siedlecki, K.L., Stern, Y., Reuben, A., Sacco, R.L., Elkind, M.S., Wright, C.B. (2009). Construct validity of cognitive reserve in a multiethnic cohort: The Northern Manhattan Study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15, 558–569.Google Scholar
Spearman, C. (1904). “General intelligence” objectively determined and measured. The American Journal of Psychology, 15, 8–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, G.S. (1993). The wide range achievement test: Manual (3rd ed.). Wilmington, DE: Wide Range.Google Scholar
Williams, K.T., Jang, J.J. (1997). Technical references to the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test – Third Edition (PPVT-III). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.Google Scholar
www.CensusScope.org. Social Science Data Analysis Network, University of Michigan. Retrieved from www.ssdan.netGoogle Scholar