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Differences in neuropsychological performance across clinical variants of progressive supranuclear palsy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2025

Elizabeth A. Boots Open the ORCID record for Elizabeth A. Boots [Opens in a new window] ,
Stephen D. Weigand ,
Nha Trang Thu Pham ,
Farwa Ali ,
Heather M. Clark ,
Julie A. Stierwalt ,
Hugo Botha ,
Sarah M. Boland ,
Yehkyoung C. Stephens  and
Keith A. Josephs
...Show all authors
Elizabeth A. Boots*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Stephen D. Weigand
Affiliation:
Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Nha Trang Thu Pham
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Farwa Ali
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Heather M. Clark
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Julie A. Stierwalt
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Hugo Botha
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Sarah M. Boland
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Yehkyoung C. Stephens
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Keith A. Josephs
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Jennifer L. Whitwell
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Mary M. Machulda
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
*
Corresponding author: Elizabeth A. Boots; Email: boots.elizabeth@mayo.edu
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Abstract

Objective:

We investigated differences in cognition between variants of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) including PSP-Richardson (PSP-RS) and subcortical and cortical variants using updated diagnostic criteria and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.

Method:

We recruited 140 participants with PSP (age = 71.3 ± 6.9 years; education = 15.0 ± 2.8 years; 49.3% female) who completed neurological and neuropsychological assessment. Participants received diagnoses of PSP clinical variants at their evaluation (or retrospectively if evaluated before 2017) according to the Movement Disorder Society PSP criteria. We grouped variants as PSP-RS (62 participants), PSP-Cortical (25 with PSP-speech/language and 9 with PSP-corticobasal syndrome), and PSP-Subcortical (27 with PSP-parkinsonism, 11 with PSP-progressive gait freezing, and 6 with PSP-postural instability). Analysis of covariance adjusted for age assessed for differences in neuropsychological performance between variants across cognitive domains.

Results:

PSP-Cortical participants performed worst on measures of visual attention/working memory (Spatial Span Forward/Backward/Total), executive function (Frontal Assessment Battery), and language (Letter Fluency). PSP-RS participants performed worst on verbal memory (Camden Words). There were no significant group differences for the MoCA or indices of visuospatial function. There were no sex or education differences between PSP groups; however, there were differences in age at visit and disease duration.

Conclusions:

In a large sample of participants with PSP, there were differences in cognition across PSP-RS, PSP-Subcortical, and PSP-Cortical variants, with PSP-Cortical and, to a lesser extent, PSP-RS, performing worse on tests of attention and executive function. These findings suggest cognitive distinctions among PSP clinical variants and highlight the value of neuropsychological assessment in differential diagnosis of PSP subtypes for more accurate and timely clinical classification.

Keywords

Movement disorderscognitionattentionexecutive functionlanguagebrain

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , First View , pp. 1 - 12
Copyright
© Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Neuropsychological Society

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