Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-glrdx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T04:08:54.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

In situ and in vitro techniques for estimating degradation parameters and digestibility of diets based on maize or sorghum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2020

B. C. Silva Open the ORCID record for B. C. Silva [Opens in a new window] ,
M. V. C. Pacheco ,
L. A. Godoi Open the ORCID record for L. A. Godoi [Opens in a new window] ,
F. A. S. Silva ,
D. Zanetti ,
A. C. B. Menezes ,
P. Pucetti ,
S. A. Santos ,
M. F. Paulino  and
S. C. Valadares Filho
B. C. Silva*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais36570-900, Brazil
M. V. C. Pacheco
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais36570-900, Brazil
L. A. Godoi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais36570-900, Brazil
F. A. S. Silva
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais36570-900, Brazil
D. Zanetti
Affiliation:
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southern Minas Gerais, Machado, Minas Gerais37750-000, Brazil
A. C. B. Menezes
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais36570-900, Brazil
P. Pucetti
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais36570-900, Brazil
S. A. Santos
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA40170-110, Brazil
M. F. Paulino
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais36570-900, Brazil
S. C. Valadares Filho
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais36570-900, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: B. C. Silva, E-mail: breno.castro@ufv.br
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to evaluate: (1) the effects of ensiling maize or sorghum grains after reconstitution on readily soluble fraction (a), potentially degradable fraction in the rumen (b) and rate constant for degradation of b (c) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and starch (STA); and (2) an appropriate incubation time for in situ or in vitro procedures to estimate in vivo digestibility. Four rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (body weight = 262 ± 19.6 kg) distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square were used. Diets were based on dry ground maize (DGM); or dry ground sorghum (DGS); or reconstituted ground maize silage; or reconstituted ground sorghum silage. In vitro and in situ incubations of the individual grains and diets were simultaneously performed with in vivo digestibility. In general, reconstituted grains and diets based on reconstituted grains presented greater (P < 0.05) fraction a and lower (P < 0.05) fraction b of DM, OM and STA compared to dry grains and diets based on dry grain. However, the magnitude of response of the reconstitution and ensiling process on DM and OM degradability parameter was greater for maize than that for sorghum. Moreover, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed between DGM- and DGS-based diets for c estimates. The results suggest that the reconstitution process promotes grains protein matrix breakdown increasing STA availability. The incubation times required for in vivo digestibility estimations of DM, OM and STA are 24 h for in situ and 36 h for in vitro procedures.

Keywords

Incubation timeNelloreprolaminsreconstituted grain silagestarch

Information

Type
Animal Research Paper
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 158 , Issue 1-2 , March 2020 , pp. 150 - 158
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Ali, M, Van Duinkerken, G, Cone, J, Klop, A, Blok, M, Spek, J, Bruinenberg, MH and Hendriks, W (2014) Relationship between chemical composition and in situ rumen degradation characteristics of maize silages in dairy cows. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 8, 1832–1838.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
AOAC (2006) Official Methods of Analysis, 18th Edn. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc.Google Scholar
AOAC (2012) Official Methods of Analysis, 19th Edn. Arlington, VA, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc.Google Scholar
Arcari, MA, Martins, CMDMR, Tomazi, T and Dos Santos, MV (2016) Effect of the ensiling time of hydrated ground corn on silage composition and in situ starch degradability. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 53, 60–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belton, PS, Delgadillo, I, Halford, NG and Shewry, PR (2006) Kafirin structure and functionality. Journal of Cereal Science 44, 272–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedeti, PDB, Fonseca, MA, Shenkoru, T, Marcondes, MI, Paula, EM, Silva, LG and Faciola, AP (2018) Does partial replacement of corn with glycerin in beef cattle diets affect in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas production kinetic, and enteric greenhouse gas emissions? PLoS One 13, e0199577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Detmann, E and Valadares Filho, SC (2010) On the estimation of non-fibrous carbohydrates in feeds and diets. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 62, 980–984.Google Scholar
Dewhurst, RJ, Hepper, D and Webster, AJF (1995) Comparison of in sacco and in vitro techniques for estimating the rate and extent of rumen fermentation of a range of dietary ingredients. Animal Feed Science and Technology 51, 211–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dijkstra, J, Forbes, JM and France, J (2005) Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism, 2nd Edn. Wallingford, UK: Cabi Publishing.Google Scholar
Doke, SK and Dhawale, SC (2015) Alternatives to animal testing: a review. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 23, 223–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA and Bietz, JA (1993) Zein composition in hard and soft endosperm of maize. Cereal Chemistry 70, 105–105.Google Scholar
Duodu, KG, Taylor, JRN, Belton, PS and Hamaker, BR (2003) Factors affecting sorghum protein digestibility. Journal of Cereal Science 38, 117–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernandes, T, Ávila, CLS, Pereira, MN and Ferraretto, LF (2018) Effect of washing method, grinding size, and the determination of an indigestible fraction on in situ degradation of starch in mature corn grain. Journal of Dairy Science 101, 9052–9057.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferraretto, LF, Fredin, SM and Shaver, RD (2015) Influence of ensiling, exogenous protease addition, and bacterial inoculation on fermentation profile, nitrogen fractions, and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility in rehydrated and high-moisture corn. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 7318–7327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghoorchi, T, Lund, P, Larsen, M, Hvelplund, T, Hansen-Møller, J and Weisbjerg, M (2013) Assessment of the mobile bag method for estimation of in vivo starch digestibility. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 7, 265–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibbon, BC and Larkins, BA (2005) Molecular genetic approaches to developing quality protein maize. Trends in Genetics 21, 227–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartung, T (2008) Thoughts on limitations of animal models. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 14, S81–S83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffman, PC, Esser, NM, Shaver, RD, Coblentz, WK, Scott, MP, Bodnar, AL, Schmidt, RJ and Charley, RC (2011) Influence of ensiling time and inoculation on alteration of the starch-protein matrix in high-moisture corn. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 2465–2474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holden, LA (1999) Comparison of methods of in vitro dry matter digestibility for ten feeds. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 1791–1794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holt, MS, Yang, SY, Creech, JE, Eun, JS and Young, AJ (2016) In situ Ruminal degradation kinetics of corn silage hybrids harvested prior to or at maturity in dry and lactating dairy cows. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 26, 46–53.Google Scholar
Junges, D, Morais, G, Spoto, MHF, Santos, PS, Adesogan, AT, Nussio, LG and Daniel, JLP (2017) Influence of various proteolytic sources during fermentation of reconstituted corn grain silages. Journal of Dairy Science 100, 9048–9051.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krieg, J, Seifried, N, Steingass, H and Rodehutscord, M (2017) In situ and in vitro ruminal starch degradation of grains from different rye, triticale and barley genotypes. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 11, 1745–1753.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krizsan, SJ, Nyholm, L, Nousiainen, J, Südekum, KH and Huhtanen, P (2012) Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 90, 3162–3173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Licitra, G, Hernandez, TM and Van Soest, PJ (1996) Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 57, 347–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopes, F, Ruh, K and Combs, DK (2015) Validation of an approach to predict total-tract fibre digestibility using a standardized in vitro technique for different diets fed to high-producing dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 2596–2602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Machado, MG, Detmann, E, Mantovani, HC, Valadares Filho, SC, Bento, CBP, Marcondes, MI and Assunção, AS (2016) Evaluation of the length of adaptation period for changeover and crossover nutritional experiments with cattle fed tropical forage-based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 222, 132–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAllister, TA, Rode, LM, Major, DJ, Cheng, KJ and Buchanan-Smith, JG (1990) Effect of ruminal microbial colonization on cereal grain digestion. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, 571–579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mertens, DR (2002) Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fibre in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International 85, 1217–1240.Google ScholarPubMed
NRC (2001) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th Revised Edn.Washington, DC, USA: National Research Council, National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Oba, M and Allen, MS (2003) Effects of corn grain conservation method on ruminal digestion kinetics for lactating dairy cows at two dietary starch concentrations. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 184–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ørskov, ER and McDonald, I (1979) The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science 92, 499–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owens, FN, Zinn, RA and Kim, YK (1986) Limits to starch digestion in the ruminant small intestine. Journal of Animal Science 63, 1634–1648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paulino, PVR (2018) Processamento de grãos: o que esperar na próxima década?. In: 7th International Symposium of Beef Cattle Production. Minas Gerais: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, p. 12.Google Scholar
Pereira, MLR (2012) Digestibilidade ruminal in vitro de grão reconstituído e ensilado de milho e sorgo com diferentes granulometrias (Dissertação Mestrado). Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil.Google Scholar
Pinto, AC and Millen, DD (2018) Nutritional recommendations and management practices adopted by feedlot cattle nutritionists: the 2016 Brazilian survey. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 99, 392–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinto, ISB, Fonseca, I, Brandao, HDM, Gern, JC, Guimarães, AS, Carvalho, WA, Brito, MAVP, Viccini, LFandMartins, MF (2017) Short-Communication: evaluation of perfused bovine udder for gene expression studies in dairy cows. Genetics and Molecular Research 16, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rooney, LW and Pflugfelder, RL (1986) Factors affecting starch digestibility with special emphasis on sorghum and corn. Journal of Animal Science 63, 1607–1623.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Samuelson, KL, Hubbert, ME, Galyean, ML and Löest, CA (2016) Nutritional recommendations of feedlot consulting nutritionists: the 2015 New Mexico State and Texas Tech University survey. Journal of Animal Science 94, 2648–2663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silva, JS, Borges, ALCC, Lopes, FCF, Silva, RR, Vieira, AR, Duque, ACA, Borges, I, Rodrigues, JAS and Gonçalves, LC (2014) In situ ruminal degradability of sorghum grain in different forms of reconstruction. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 66, 1822–1830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sniffen, CJ (1974) Nitrogen utilization as related to solubility of NPN and protein in feeds. In Proceedings of Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers. New York, Ithaca: Cornell University, pp. 12-18.Google Scholar
Stern, MD, Bach, A and Calsamiglia, S (1997) Alternative techniques for measuring nutrient digestion in ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 75, 2256–2276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tilley, JMA and Terry, RA (1963) A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of British Grassland Society 18, 104–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valadares Filho, SC, Marcondes, MI, Chizzotti, ML and Paulino, PVR (2010) Nutrient Requirements of Zebu Beef Cattle (BR-CORTE), 2nd Edn. Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil: Suprema Gráfica Ltda.Google Scholar
Valadares Filho, SC, Silva, BC, Pacheco, MVC, Menezes, ACB, Godoi, LA, Alhadas, HM, Silva, FF, Paulino, PVR and Rennó, LN (2018) PSXI-32 Ensiling time effects on nitrogen fractions and effects of ensiling corn and sorghum grains rehydrated on intake, ruminal and intestinal starch digestibility. Journal of Animal Science 96, 424–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, DM (1959) The in vitro digestion of roughage dry matter. The Journal of Agricultural Science 53, 192–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanetti, D, Menezes, AC, Silva, FA, Silva, LC, Rotta, PP, Detmann, E, Engle, TE and Valadares Filho, SC (2017) In situ and in vitro estimation of mineral release from common feedstuffs fed to cattle. The Journal of Agricultural Science 155, 1160–1173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zinn, RA (1990) Influence of flake density on the comparative feeding value of steam-flaked corn for feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science 68, 767–775.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed