Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-gs9qr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-31T07:23:54.384Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Italian version and normative data of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2018

Martina Pigliautile ,
Francesca Chiesi Open the ORCID record for Francesca Chiesi [Opens in a new window] ,
Franca Stablum ,
Sonia Rossetti ,
Caterina Primi ,
Dora Chiloiro ,
Stefano Federici  and
Patrizia Mecocci
Martina Pigliautile*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
Francesca Chiesi
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
Franca Stablum
Affiliation:
Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
Sonia Rossetti
Affiliation:
Unit of Clinical Psychology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Taranto, Italy
Caterina Primi
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
Dora Chiloiro
Affiliation:
Unit of Clinical Psychology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Taranto, Italy
Stefano Federici
Affiliation:
Department of Philosophy, Social & Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Italy
Patrizia Mecocci
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Italy
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Martina Pigliautile, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy. Phone: +39-075-5783564; Fax +39-075-5783878. Email: martina.pigliautile@gmail.com.
Get access

Abstract

Objectives:

Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) is a brief cognitive screening tool to assess five cognitive domains: attention/orientation, verbal fluency, memory, language, and visuospatial abilities. This study aimed to provide normative data (for total score and subscale scores) of the Italian version of ACE-III for gender, age, and education.

Methods:

A total of 574 healthy Italian participants (mean age 68.70 ± 9.65; mean education 9.15 ± 4.04) were recruited from the community and included in the study. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of age, gender, and education on the ACE-III total performance score.

Results:

Age and education exerted a significant effect on total and subscale ACE-III scores, whereas gender was on attention/orientation, language, and visuospatial subscale scores. From the derived linear equation, correction grids to adjust raw scores and equivalent scores (ESs) with cut-off values were provided.

Conclusions:

The present study provided normative data, correction grids, and ESs for ACE-III in an Italian population.

Keywords

screeningdementiacognitive assessmentmental status examinationneuropsychological testing

Information

Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 31 , Issue 2: Issue Theme: Positive Psychiatry II , February 2019 , pp. 241 - 249
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Arevalo-Rodriguez, I. et al. (2015). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, CD010783. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010783.pub2.Google Scholar
Charernboon, T., Jaisin, K. and Lerthattasilp, T. (2016). The Thai version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III. Psychiatry Investigation, 13, 571–573. doi: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.5.571.Google Scholar
Crawford, S., Whitnall, L., Robertson, J. and Evans, J. J. (2012). A systematic review of the accuracy and clinical utility of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination—Revised in the diagnosis of dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27, 659–669. doi: 10.1002/gps.2771.Google Scholar
Evers, A. V. A. M., Sijtsma, K., Lucassen, W. and Meijer, R. R. (2010). The Dutch review process for evaluating the quality of psychological tests: history, procedure and results. International Journal of Testing, 10, 295–317.10.1080/15305058.2010.518325Google Scholar
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. and McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.Google Scholar
Hodges, J. R. and Larner, A. J. (2017). Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examinations: ACE, ACE-R, ACE-III, ACEapp, and M-ACE. In Larner, A. J. (ed.), Cognitive Screening Instruments: A Practical Approach, 2nd ed. (pp. 109– 137). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-319-44775-9_6Google Scholar
Hsieh, S. et al. (2015). The Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination: a new assessment tool for dementia. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 39, 1–11. doi: 10.1159/000366040.Google Scholar
Hsieh, S., Schubert, S., Hoon, C., Mioshi, E. and Hodges, J. R. (2013). Validation of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 36, 242–250. doi: 10.1159/000351671.Google Scholar
Jubb, M. T. and Evans, J. J. (2015). An investigation of the utility of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III in the early detection of dementia in memory clinic patients aged over 75 years. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 40, 222–232. doi: 10.1159/000433522.Google Scholar
Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A. and Jaffe, M. W. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged: the index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. Journal of the American Medical Association, 185, 914–919. doi: 10.1001/jama.1963.03060120024016.Google Scholar
Lawton, M. P. and Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist, 9, 179–189. doi: 10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179.Google Scholar
Marcoulides, G. A. and Hershberger, S. L. (1997). Multivariate Statistical Methods: A First Course. New York, NY: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Mathuranath, P. S., Nestor, P. J., Berrios, G. E., Rakowicz, W. and Hodges, J. R. (2000). A brief cognitive test battery to differentiate Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Neurology, 55, 1613–1620. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000434309.85312.19.Google Scholar
Matías-Guiu, J. A. et al. (2016). Normative data for the Spanish version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 41, 243–250. doi: 10.1159/000445799.Google Scholar
Mioshi, E., Dawson, K., Mitchell, J., Arnold, R. and Hodges, J. R. (2006). The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R): a brief cognitive test battery for dementia screening. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 1078–1085. doi: 10.1002/gps.1610.Google Scholar
Mirza, N., Panagioti, M., Waheed, M. W. and Waheed, W. (2017). Reporting of the translation and cultural adaptation procedures of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination version III (ACE-III) and its predecessors: a systematic review. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 17, 141. doi: 10.1186/s12874-017-0413-6.Google Scholar
Oosterhuis, H. E., van der Ark, L. A. and Sijtsma, K. (2016). Sample size requirements for traditional and regression-based norms. Assessment, 23, 191–202. doi: 10.1177/1073191115580638.Google Scholar
Pedhazur, E. J. (1997). Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace.Google Scholar
Pigliautile, M. et al. (2011). Validation study of the Italian Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised in a young-old and old-old population. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 32, 301–307. doi: 10.1159/000334657.Google Scholar
Pigliautile, M. et al. (2015). Normative data for the ACE-R in an Italian population sample. Neurological Science, 36, 2185–2190. doi: 10.1007/s10072-015-2330-y.Google Scholar
Qassem, T. et al. (2015). Normative data for healthy adult performance on the Egyptian–Arabic Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 22, 27–36. doi: 10.1097/01.XME.0000457267.05731.0f.Google Scholar
Shiroky, J. S., Schipper, H. M., Bergman, H. and Chertkow, H. (2007). Can you have dementia with an MMSE score of 30? American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and other Dementias, 22, 406–415. doi: 10.1177/1533317507304744.Google Scholar
Siciliano, M. et al. (2016). The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) and its sub-scores: normative values in an Italian population sample. Neurological Science, 37, 385–392. doi: 10.1007/s10072-015-2410-z.Google Scholar
Tombaugh, T. N. and McIntyre, N. J. (1992). The Mini–Mental State Examination: a comprehensive review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40, 922–935. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x.Google Scholar
Wang, B. R., Ou, Z., Gu, X. H., Wei, C. S., Xu, J. and Shi, J. Q. (2017). Validation of the Chinese version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III for diagnosing dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32, e173–e179. doi: 10.1002/gps.4680.Google Scholar
Wilks, S. S. (1941). Determination of sample sizes for setting tolerance limits. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 12, 91–96. doi: 10.1214/aoms/1177731788.Google Scholar