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Dual-port circularly polarized optically transparent MIMO antenna for N77/N78 5G applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2025

Smitha D. ,
Nayana B. R. ,
Pramukhya M. ,
Brunda M. ,
Ajay Kumar Dwivedi Open the ORCID record for Ajay Kumar Dwivedi [Opens in a new window]  and
Vivek Singh Open the ORCID record for Vivek Singh [Opens in a new window]
Smitha D.
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, Bengaluru, KA, India
Nayana B. R.
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, Bengaluru, KA, India
Pramukhya M.
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, Bengaluru, KA, India
Brunda M.
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, Bengaluru, KA, India
Ajay Kumar Dwivedi
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Cambridge Institute of Technology, K. R. Puram, Bangalore, KA, India
Vivek Singh*
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Cambridge Institute of Technology, K. R. Puram, Bangalore, KA, India
*
Corresponding author: Vivek Singh; Email: vivek.10singh@gmail.com
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Abstract

A work of compact dual-port transparent multiple-input multiple-output antenna optimized for fifth-generation (5G) N77 (3.3–4.2 GHz) and N78 (3.3–3.8 GHz) bandwidth has been simulated, investigated, and optimized for robust performance in high-speed wireless communication. It features an impedance bandwidth of 3–4.3 GHz with a minimum simulated return loss of −28 dB, with 100% 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth and a simulated gain of 3.5 dB. The conducting plane material is indium tin oxide (ITO), chosen for its high optical transparency and sufficient electrical conductivity to seamlessly integrate into visually demanding applications. The substrate is glass, chosen for its lightweight and durable properties, which enhance both the mechanical durability of the antenna and its electromagnetic performance. To validate the ITO-based simulated design, the prototype with the same geometrical specification has been fabricated with the conducting portion replaced with copper and substrate as glass material due to a lack of facilities for transparent antenna fabrication. The comparative investigation study between the proposed ITO-based transparent antenna and with copper-based prototype (simulated/measured) both on a glass substrate, has been discussed, which supports the findings.

Keywords

circular polarizationdiversity characteristicselectromagnetic performanceglassITOmechanical durabilityMIMO antennatransparent antenna

Information

Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , First View , pp. 1 - 13
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The European Microwave Association.

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