Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-wjfd9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T15:29:47.544Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Y chromosome message

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Christopher Ounsted
Christopher Ounsted
Affiliation:
Park Hospital for Children, Oxford OX3 7LQ, England
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 8 , Issue 3 , September 1985 , pp. 457
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Aarkrog, T. (1968) Organic factors in infantile psychoses: Retrospective study of 46 cases subjected to pneumoencephalography. Danish Medical Bulletin 15:283–88. [taTG]Google ScholarPubMed
Abramowicz, H. K. & Richardson, S. A. (1975) Epidemiology of severe mental retardation in children: Community studies. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 80:18–39. [taTG. KBH]Google ScholarPubMed
Abramsky, O., Lisalc, R. P., Silberger, D. H. & Pleasure, D. E. (1977) Antibodies to oligodendroglia in patients with multiple selerosis. New England Journal of Medicine 297:1207–11. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abramsky, O. & Litvin, Y. (1978) Autoimmune response to dopamine-receptor as a possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and schicophrenia. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 22:104–14. [taTG]Google Scholar
Adelman, S. & Rosenzweig, S. (1978) Parental predetermination of the sex of offspring. 2. The attitudes of young married couples with high school and with college education. Journal of Biosocial Science 10:235–47. [WHJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adinolfi, M. (1976) Neurologic handicap and permeability of the blood CSF barrier during foetal life to maternal antibodies and hormones. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 18:243–46. [HC, CG. tarTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adinolfi, M., Beck, S. E., Haddad, S. A. & Seller, M. J. (1976) Permeability of the blood-CSF barrier to plasma proteins during foetal and perinatal life. Nature 259:140–41. [HC, taTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adinolif, M. & Wood, C. B. S. (1969) Ontogenesis of immunoglobulins and components of complement in man. In: Immunology and development. ed. Adinolfi, M.. Spastics International. [rTG]Google Scholar
Ahern, F. M. & Johnson, R. C. (1973) Inherited uterine inadequacy: An alternative explanation for a portion of cases of defect. Behavior Genetics 3:1–12. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allan, T. M. (1975) ABO blood groups and human sex ratio at birth. Journal of Reproductive Fertility 43:209–19. [RHB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allon, R. (1971) Sex, race, socioeconomic status, social mobility, and process reactive ratings of schizophrenics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 153:343–50. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altmann, J. (1980) Baboon mothers and infants. Harvard University Press. [WCM, ACP]Google Scholar
Altus, W. D. (1966) Birth order and its sequellae. Science 151: 44–49. [HC, taTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvesalo, L. & Portin, P. (1980) 47, XXY Males: Sex chromosomes and tooth size. American Journal of Human Genetics 32:955–59. [CEB]Google ScholarPubMed
Alvesalo, L. & Tammisalo, E. (1981) Enamel thickness in 45, X females' permanent teeth. American Journal of Human Genetics 33:464–69. [CEB]Google Scholar
Alvesalo, L. & Varrela, J. (1980) Permanent tooth sizes in 46, XY females. American Journal of Human Genetics 32:736–42. [CEB]Google ScholarPubMed
Arena, J. F. P. & Smith, D. W. (1978) Sex liability to single structural defects. American Journal of Diseases of Children 132:970–72. [KBH, WHJ]Google Scholar
August, G. J., Stewart, M. A. & Tsai, L. (1981) The incidence of cognitive disabilities in the siblings of autistic children. British Journal of Psychiatry 138:416–22. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Badian, N. (1984) Reading disability in an epidemiologic context: Incidence and environmental correlates. Journal of Learning Disabilities 17:129–36. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakan, P., Dibb, C. & Reed, P. (1973) Handedness and birth stress. Neuropsychologia 11:363–66. [ARS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bakke, J. L., Lawrence, N. L., Bennett, J. & Robinson, S. (1975) Endocrine syndromes produced by neonatal hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or altered nutrition and effects seen in untreated progeny. In: Perinatal thyroid physiology and disease, ed. Fisher, D. A. & Burrow, G. N.. Raven Press. [RMG]Google Scholar
Bakketeig, L. S. (1977) The risk of repeated preterm or low birth weight delivery. In: The epidemiology of prematurity, ed. Reed, D. M. & Stanley, F. J.. Urban and Schwarzenberg. [taTG]Google Scholar
Barclay, G., Coale, A., Trussel, J. & Stoto, M. (1976) A reassessment of the demography of traditional rural China. Population Index 42:606–35. [ACP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bardawil, W. A., Mitchell, G. W., McKeogh, R. P. & Marchant, D. J. (1962) Behavior of skin homografts in human pregnancy. I. Habitual abortion. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 84:1283–95. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, R. D. & Tuffrey, M. (1971) Maternal cells in the newborn. Advances in Biosciences 6:457–73. [taTG]Google Scholar
Beck, J. S. & Rowell, N. R. (1963) Transplacental passage of antinuclear antibody. Lancet 1:134–5. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beer, A. E. & Billingham, R. E. (1973) Maternally acquired runt disease. Science 179:240–45. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beer, A. E. & Billingham, R. E. (1976) The immunobiology of mammalian reproduction. Prentice-Hall. [AB, RMG]Google Scholar
Behan, P. O. (in press) Laterality, hormones, and immunity. In: Cerebral dominance: The biological foundations, ed. Geschwind, N. & Galaburda, A. M.. Harvard University Press. [CPB]Google Scholar
Belmont, L. & Marolla, F. A. (1973) Birth order, family size and intelligence. Science 182:1096–1101. [HC, tarTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belmont, L., Stein, Z. A., & Susser, M. W. (1975) Comparisons of associations of birth order with intelligence test score and height. Nature 255:54–55. [taTG]Google Scholar
Belmont, L., Stein, Z. A. & Wittes, J. A. (1976) Birth order, family size and school failure. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 18:421–30. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belmont, L., Stein, Z. & Zybert, P. (1978) Child spacing and birth order: Effects of intellectual ability in two-child families. Science 202:995–96. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benbow, C. P. (1984) Physiological correlates of extreme intellectual precocity. Submitted. [CPB]Google Scholar
Benbow, C. P. & Stanley, J. C. (1980) Sex differences in mathematical ability: Fact or artifact? Science 210:1262–64. [CPB]Google Scholar
Benbow, C. P. & Stanley, J. C. (1983) Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability: More facts. Science 222:1029–31. [CPB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ben-Porath, Y. & Welch, F. (1976) Do sex preferences really matter? Quarterly Journal of Economics 90:285–307. [rTG, WHJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg, K. (1979) Inactivation of one of the X chromosomes in females is a biological phenomenon of clinical importance. Acta Medica Scandinavica 206:1–3. [KBH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berglin, C.-G. (1981) Regular skewness of birth order distribution. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine (Suppl. 23):54–66; 77–106. [C, GB]Google ScholarPubMed
Berglin, C.-G. (1982) Birth order as a quantitative expression of date of birth. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 36:298–302. [C-GB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernard, O. (1977) Possible protecting role of maternal immunoglobulins on embryonic development in mammals. Immunogenetics 5:1–15. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berryman, P. L. & Silvers, W. K. (1979) Studies on the H-X locus of mice. Immunogenetics 9:363–67. [taTG]Google Scholar
Billingham, R. E. (1964) Transplantation immunity and the maternal-fetal relationship. New England Journal of Medicine 270:667–72. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birtchnell, J. (1971) Mental illness in sibships of two and three. British Journal of Psychiatry 119:481–87. [C-GB, taTG]Google Scholar
Bishop, D. V. M. (1980) Handedness, clumsiness and cognitive ability. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 22:569–79. [CG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blessing, W. W., Costa, M., Gefen, L. B. & Rush, R. A. (1977) Immune lesions of noradrenergic neurons in rat central nervous system produced by antibodies to dopamine-B-hydroxylase. Nature 167:368–69. [taTG]Google Scholar
Boehmer, H. von., Hengartner, H., Nabholz, M., Lernhardt, W., Schreier, M. H., & Haas, W. (1979) Fine specificity of a continuously growing killer cell clone specific for H-Y antigen. European Journal of Immunology 9:592–97. [SO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bockman, D. E. & Kirby, M. L. (1984) Dependence of thymus development on derivatives of the neural crest. Science 223:498–500. [CEB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boklage, C. E. (1981) On the distribution of nonrighthandedness among twins and their families. Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae 30:167–87. [CEB]Google Scholar
Boklage, C. E. & Fraser, F. C. (1984) Symmetry-related markers of fusion malformation liability. March of Dimes Birth Defects Conference Abstracts. [CEB, rTG]Google Scholar
Boklage, C. E. & Fraser, F. C. (in preparation) Twinning, handedness, and congenital malformations: Symmetry-related markers of fusion malformation liability. [CEB, rTG]Google Scholar
Bonner, J. J., Terasaki, P. L., Thompson, R., Holve, L. M., Wilson, L., Ebbin, A. J. & Slavkin, H. C. (1978) HLA phenotype frequencies in individuals with cleft lip and/or eleft palate. Tissue Antigens 12:228–32. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borland, R., Loke, Y. W. & Oldersnaw, P. J. (1970) Sex differences in trophoblast behavior on transplantation. Nature 228:572. [taTG]Google Scholar
Born, G., Grützner, P. & Hemminger, H. (1976) Evidenz für eine mosaikstruktur der netzhaut bei konduktorinnen für dichromasie. Human Genetics 32:189–96. [KBH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowers, M. B. Jr, Swigar, M. E. & Jatlow, P. I. (1983) Sex differences in plasma homovanillic acid in acute psychosis. New England Journal of Medicine 308:845–46. [KBH]Google ScholarPubMed
Bradshaw, J. L., Nettleton, N. C. & Taylor, M. J. (1981) Right hemisphere language and cognitive deficit in sinistrals? Neuropsychologia 19:113–32. [ARS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradshaw, J. L. & Taylor, M. J. (1979) A word-naming deficit in nonfamilial sinistrals? Laterality effects of vocal responses to tachistoscopically presented letter strings. Neuropsychologia 17:21–32. [ARS]Google Scholar
Breland, H. (1974) Birth order, family configuration and verbal achievement. Child Development 45:1011–19. [taTG, WHJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brent, L. (1971) The effect of immune reactions on fetal development. Advances in Biosciences 6:421–55. [tarTG]Google Scholar
Bresler, J. (1970) Outcrossings in Caucasians and fetal loss. Social Biology 17:17–25. [ARJ]Google Scholar
Bresnihan, B., Grigor, R. R., Oliver, M., Leiskomia, R. M. & Hughes, G. R. V. (1977) Immunological mechanism for spontaneous abortion in systemic lupus erythematosis. Lancet 5:1025–07. [taTG]Google Scholar
Briggs, G. G., Nebes, R. D. & Kinsbourne, M. (1976) Intellectual differences in relation to personal and family handedness. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 28:591–601. [ARS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broad, F. E. & Duganzich, D. M. (1983) The effects of infant feeding, birth order, occupation and socio-economic status on speech in six-year-old children. New Zealand Medical Journal 96:483–86. [KBH]Google Scholar
Branson, R. T. (1981) Age at death of necropsied intact and neutered cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 42:1606–08. [KBH]Google Scholar
Brown, W. T., Jenkins, E. C., Friedman, E., Brooks, J., Wisniewski, K., Raguthu, S. & French, J. (1982) Autism is associated with the fragile X syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 12:303–08. [CG]Google Scholar
Bukovský, A. & Presl, J. (1984) Immune system and tissue proliferation, fetal allograft survival, and tumor growth. Československá Gynekologie 49:584–99. [AB]Google Scholar
Brown, W. T., Jenkins, E. C., Friedman, E., Brooks, J., Wisniewski, K., Raguthu, S. & French, J. (1985) Allosensitization in tumor therapy and prophylaxis, and in female contraception a prospect for clinical use. Medical Hypotheses. In press. [AB]Google Scholar
Bukovský, A., Presl, J. & Holub, M. (1984) The ovarian follicle as a model for the cell-mediated control of tissue growth. Cell and Tissue Research 236:717–24. [AB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bukovský, A., Presl, J. & Židovský, J. (1984) Association of some cell surface antigens of lymphoid cells and cell surface differentiation antigens with early rat pregnancy. Immunology 52:631–40. [AB]Google Scholar
Burbaeva, G. S. (1972) Antigen characteristics of the human brain. Soviet Neurology and Psychiatry 5:110–18. [taTG]Google Scholar
Burdi, A. R. & Silvey, R. G. (1969a) Sexual differences in closure of the human palatal shelves. Cleft Palate Journal 6:1–7. [MWJF]Google ScholarPubMed
Burdi, A. R. & Silvey, R. G. (1969b) The relation of sex associated facial profile reversal and stages of human palatal closure. Teratology 2:297–304. [MWJF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burgio, G. R., Fraccaro, M., Ticpolo, L. & Wolf, U. (1981) Trisomy 21. Springer-Verlag. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burke, J. & Johansen, K. (1974) The formation of HL-A antibodies in pregnancy: The antigenicity of aborted and term fetuses. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth 81:222–28. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burley, N. (1981) Sex ratio manipulation and selection for attractiveness. Science 211:721–22. [KBH]Google Scholar
Burnett, S. A., Lane, D. M. & Dratt, L. M. (1982) Spatial ability and handedness. Intelligence 6:57–68. [ARS]Google Scholar
Butler, N. R. & Bonham, D. G. (1963) Perinatal mortality. Livingstone. [taTG]Google Scholar
Cadoret, R. J. & Cain, C. (1980) Sex differences in predictors of antisocial behavior in adoptees. Archives of General Psychiatry 37:1171–75. [taTG, KBH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cadoret, R. M., Cunningham, L.Loftus, R. & Edwards, J. (1975) Studies of adoptees from psychiatrically disturbed biologic parents: 2. Temperament, hyperactive, antisocial, and developmental variables. Journal of Pediatrics 87:301–6. [KBH]Google ScholarPubMed
Cadoret, R. M., Cunningham, L., Loftus, R. & Edwards, J. (1976) Studies of adoptees from psychiatrically disturbed biological parents: 3. Medical symptoms and illnesses in childhood and adolescence. American Journal of Psychiatry 133:1316–18. [KBH]Google Scholar
Carter, C. O. (1965) The inheritance of common congenital malformations. Progress in Medical Genetics 4:59–84. [taTG]Google Scholar
Charnov, E. L. (1982) The theory of sex allocation. Princeton University Press. [KBH. WCM]Google Scholar
Chesley, L. C., Annito, J. E. & Cosgrove, R. A. (1968) The familial factor in toxemia of pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology 32:303–11. [taTG]Google ScholarPubMed
Childs, B. (1965) Genetic origin of some sex differences among human beings. Pediatrics 35:798–812. [taTG]Google Scholar
Cicirelli, V. (1972) The effect of sibling relationships on concept learning of young children taught by child teachers. Child Development 43:282–87. [ACP]Google Scholar
Cicirelli, V. (1973) Effects of sibling structure and interaction on children's categorization style. Developmental Psychology 9:132–39. [ACP]Google Scholar
Cicirelli, V. (1976) Mother-child and sibling-sibling interactions on problem-solving task. Child Development 47:588–96. [ACP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ciocco, A. (1940) Sex differences in morbidity and mortality. Quarterly Review of Biology 15:59–92. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clare, J. E. & Kiser, C. V. (1951) Preference for children of given sex in relation to fertility. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 29:440–92. [WHJ]Google Scholar
Clarke, B. & Kirby, D. R. S. (1966) Maintenance of histocompitability polymorphisms. Nature 211:999–1000. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clements, P. R., & Van Arsdale, M. & Hafer, M. (1974) Variability within Down's syndrome (Trisomy-21): Empirically observed sex differences in IQs. Paper presented at Midwestern Psychological Association. [KBH]Google Scholar
Cloninger, C. R., Christiansen, K. O., Reich, T. & Gottesman, I. I. (1978) Implications of sex differences in the prevalences of antisocial personality, alcoholism, and criminality for familial transmission. Archives of General Psychiatry 35:941–51. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1982) Sons and daughters. Nature 298:11–13. [RHB]Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H. & Albon, S. D. (1982) Parental investment in male and female offspring in mammals. In: Current problems in sociobiology. ed. King's College Sociobiology Group. Cambridge University Press. [WCM, ACP]Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H., Albon, S. D., & Guinness, F. E. (1982) Competition between female relatives in a matrilocal mammal. Nature 300:178–80. [ACP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobb, J. A. (1914) The alleged inferiority of the first-born. Eugenics Review 5:357–59. [C-GB]Google ScholarPubMed
Cohen, B. H. & Mellitts, E. D. (1971) Blood group incompatibility and immunoglobulin levels. Johns Hopkins Medical Journal 128:318–31. [taTG]Google Scholar
Coleman, M. & Gillberg, C. (1984) The biology of the autistic syndromes. Praeger Publishers CBS. In press. [CG]Google Scholar
Corbett, J. A., Harris, R. & Robinson, R. G. (1975) Epilepsy in mental retardation and developmental disorders, vol. 7. Brunner/Mazel. [taTG]Google Scholar
Coren, S., Searleman, A. & Porac, C. (1982) The effects of specific birth stressors on four indexes of lateral preference. Canadian Journal of Psychology 36:478–87. [ARS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costeff, H., Cohen, B. E., Weller, L. E. & Kleckner, H. (1981) Pathogenic-factors in idiopathic mental retardation. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 23:484–93. [taTG]Google Scholar
Costeff, H., Cohen, B. E. & Weller, L. E. (1983a) Biological factors in mild mental retardation. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 25:580–87. [HC, taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costeff, H., Cohen, B. E. & Weller, L. E. (1983b) Relative importance of genetic and nongenetic etiologies in idiopathic mental retardation estimates based on analysis of medical histories. Annals of Human Genetics 47:83–93. [HC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crouchly, R., Davies, R. B. & Pickles, A. R. (1984) Methods for the identification of Lexian, Poisson and Markovian variations in the secondary sex ratio. Biometrics 40:165–75. [WHJ]Google Scholar
Cunningham, L., Cadoret, R. J., Loftus, R. & Edwards, J. E. (1975) Studies of adoptees from psychiatrically disturbed biological parents: Psychiatric conditions in childhood and adolescence. British Journal of Psychiatry 126:534–49. [KBH]Google Scholar
Dalakas, M. C. & Engel, W. K. (1981) Chronic relapsing (dysimmune) polyneuropathy: Pathogenesis and treatment. Annals of Neurology 9 (Suppl.): 134–35. [taTG]Google Scholar
Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1983) Sex. evolution, and behaviour. Willard Grant Press. [MWJF, RHB]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1871) The descent of man. and selection in relation to sex. 1887 ed. D. Appleton. [MWJF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davie, R., Butler, N. & Goldstein, H. (1972) From birth to seven: A report of the National Child Development Study. Longman. [ET]Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. (1976) The selfish gene. Oxford University Press. [WCM].Google Scholar
Decker, S. N. & DeFries, J. C. (1980) Cognitive abilities in families of reading-disabled children. Journal of Learning Disabilities 13:517–522. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dekaban, A. S. & Sadowsky, D. (1978) Changes in brain weights during the span of human life. Annals of Neurology 4:345–56. [taTG].Google Scholar
Delint, J. E. E. (1966) The position of early parental loss in the etiology of alcoholism. Alcoholism Zagreb 2:56–64. [taTG].Google Scholar
Deykin, E. Y. & MacMahon, B. (1980) Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal complications among autistic children. American Journal of Diseases of Children 134:860–64. [CEB. tarTG]Google Scholar
Diamond, J. M. (1982) Big-bang reproduction and ageing in male marsupial mice. Nature 298:115–16. [MWJF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diamond, M. C., Dowling, G. A. & Johnson, R. E. (1981) Morphologic cerebral cortical asymmetry in male and female rats. Experimental Neurology 71:261–68. [MCD]Google Scholar
Dickemann, (1979) Female infanticide, reproductive strategies, and social stratification: A preliminary model. In: Evolotionary biology and human social behavior: An anthropological perspective, ed. Chagnon, N. & Irons, W.. Duxbury Press. [WCM]Google Scholar
Divale, W. & Harris, M. (1976) Population, warfare, and the male supremacist complex. American Anthropologist 78:521–38. [WCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobbing, J. (1971) Undernutrition and the developing brain: The use of animal models to elucidate human problem. In: Normal and abnormal development of brain and behavior, ed. Stoelinga, G. B. A. & Van der Werffen Bosch, J. J.. Williams and Wilkins. [AB]Google Scholar
Doughty, R. W. & Gelsthorpe, K. (1974) An initial investigation of lymphocyte antibody activity through pregnancy and in eluates prepared from placental material. Tissue Antigens 4:291–98. [taTG]Google Scholar
Doughty, R. W. & Gelsthorpe, K. (1976) Some parameters of lymphocyte antibody activity through pregnancy and further eluates of placental material. Tissue Antigens 8:43–48. [taTG]Google Scholar
Drillien, C. M. (1968) Studies in mental handicap. 2. Some obstetric factors of possible actiological significance. Archives of Diseases in Childhood 43:283–94. [taTG]Google Scholar
Edwards, A. W. F. (1958) An analysis of Geissler's data on the human sex ratio. Annals of Human Genetics 23:6–15. [WHJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, A. W. F. (1960) The meaning of binomial distribution. Nature 186:1074. [WHJ]Google Scholar
Edwards, A. W. F. (1966) Sex ratio rate analysed independently of family limitation. Annals of Human Genetics. London 29:337–47. [ACP]Google Scholar
Eichwald, E. J. & Silmser, C. R. (1955) Transplantation Bulletin 2:148–49. [RMC, taTG]Google Scholar
Ernst, C. & Angst, J. (1983) Birth order: Its influence on personality. Springer-Verlag. [tarTG]Google Scholar
Enquete Nationale. (1973) Sur le niveau intellectuel des enfants d'age scolaire. Institue National d'etudes demographique. [rTG]Google Scholar
Fabia, J. & Drolette, M. (1970) Life tables up to age 10 for mongols with and without congenital heart disease. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research 14:235–42. [taTG]Google Scholar
Farber, C., Cambiaso, C. L. & Masson, P. L. (1981) Immune complexes in cord serum. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 44:426–32. [taTG]Google Scholar
Fechheimer, N. S. & Beatty, R. A. (1974) . Chromosomal abnormalities and sex ratio in rabbit blastocysts. Journal of Reproductive Fertility 37:331–41. [RHB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feig, K. & Ropers, H.-H. (1978) On the incidence of unilateral and bilateral colour blindness in heterozygous females. Human Genetics 41:313–23. [KBH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferguson, M. W. J. (1981) Review: The value of the American alligator as a model for research in craniofacial development. Journal of Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology 1:123–44. [DCT]Google Scholar
Ferguson, M. W. J. & Joanen, T. (1983) Temperature-dependent sex determination in Alligator mississippiensis. Journal of Zoology 200:143–77. [MWJF, rTG, DCT]Google Scholar
Fialkow, P. J. (1966) Autoimmunity and chromosomal aberrations. American Journal of Human Genetics 18:93–108. [taTG]Google Scholar
Fisher, R. A. (1930) The genetical theory of natural selection. Clarendon Press. [WCM]Google Scholar
Flor-Henry, P. (1969) Psychosis and temporal lobe epilepsy a controlled investigation. Epilepsia 10:363–95. [taTG]Google Scholar
Flor-Henry, P. (1974) Psychosis, neurosis and epilepsy: Developmental and Gender related effects. British Journal of Psychiatry 124:144–50. [taTG]Google Scholar
Forssman, H. & Akesson, J. O. (1970) Mortality of the mentally deficient: A study of 12.903 institutionalized subjects. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research 14:276–94. [taTG]Google Scholar
Foster, J. W. & Archer, S. J. (1979) Birth order and intelligence: An immunological interpretation. Perceptual and Motor Skills 48:79–93. [taTG]Google Scholar
Fraccaro, M., Mayerovó, A., Bühler, E., Gebauer, J., Gilgenkrantz, S., Lindsten, J., Curto, F. Lo & Ritzén, E. M. (1982) Correlation between the number of sex chromosomes and the H-Y antigen titer. Human Genetics 61:135–40. [rTG, KBH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fraser, F. C. (1983) Association of neural tube defects and parental nonrighthandedness. American Journal of Human Genetics 35:89A. [CEB]Google Scholar
Fraser, F. C. & Rex, A. (1984) Nonrighthandedness: A manifestation of developmental instability. American Journal of Human Genetics 36:51S. [CEB]Google Scholar
Freier, S. & Eidehman, A. I., eds. (1980) Human milk, its biological and social value. Excerpta Medica. [AB]Google Scholar
Funderburk, S. J., Carter, J., Tanguay, P., Freeman, B. J. & Westlake, J. R. (1983) Parental reproductive problems and gestational hormonal exposure in autistic and schizophrenic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities 13:325–32. [CG, taTG]Google Scholar
Gallon, F. (1874) English men of science: Their nature and nurture. MacMillan. [taTG]Google Scholar
Gardner, C. G. (1967) Role of maternal psychopathology in male and female schizophrenics. Journal of Consulting Psychology 31:411–13. [taTG]Google Scholar
Garside, R. F. & Kay, D. W. K. (1964) The genetics of stuttering. In: The syndrome of stuttering, ed. Andrews, G. & Harris, M. M.. Heinemann. [taTG]Google Scholar
Geodakjan, V. A. (1982) Sex dimorphism and evolution of duration of ontogenesis and its stages. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 263:1475–80. [AB]Google Scholar
Geodakjan, V. A. (1983) The logic of evolution of sex differentiation and long-term survival. Priroda 1:70–80. [AB]Google Scholar
Gerendai, I. (1984) Asymmetry of neuronal structures involved in the control of neuroendocrine functions in rats. Cerebral dominance: the biological foundations, ed. Geschwind, N. & Galaburda, A.. Harvard University Press. [CEB]Google Scholar
Geschwind, N. & Behan, P. (1982) Left-handedness: Association with immune disease, migraine and developmental learning disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 79:5097–5100 [CPB, CEB, CG, taTG, KBH, ARS]Google Scholar
Geschwind, N. & Behan, P. (1984) Associations of dominance with immune disease, migraine, and other biological features. In Biological foundations of cerebral dominance ed. Geschwind, N. & Galaburda, A.. Harvard University Press. In press. [CEB]Google Scholar
Gillberg, C. (1980) Maternal age and infantile autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 10:293–97. [CG]Google Scholar
Gillberg, C. (1984) Infantile autism and other childhood psychoses in a Swedish urban region: Epidemiological aspects. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 25:35–43. [CG]Google Scholar
Gillberg, C. & Gillberg, I. C. (1983) Infantile autism: A total population study of reduced optimality in the pre and peri-, and neonatal period. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities 13:153–66. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gillberg, C. & Rasmussen, P. (1982) Perceptual, motor and attentional deficits in seven-year-old children: Background factors. Developmental Medicine and Neurology 24:752–770. [taTG]Google Scholar
Gillberg, C., Rasmussen, P., Carlström, G., Svenson, B. & Waldenström, E. (1982) Perceptual, motor and attentional deficits in six-year-old children: Epidemiological aspects. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 23:131–44. [CG]Google Scholar
Gillberg, C. & Wahlström, J. (1984) Chromosome abnormalities in infantile autism and other childhood psychoses: A population study of 66 cases. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. In press. [CG]Google Scholar
Gillberg, C., Waldenström, E. & Rasmussen, P. (1984) Handedness in Swedish 10-year-olds: Some background and associated factors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 25:421–32. [CG]Google Scholar
Gleicher, N. & Siegel, I. (1980) The immunologic concept of EPH-gestosis. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 47:442–53. [taTG]Google ScholarPubMed
Glucksmann, A. (1978) Sex determination and sexual dimorphism in mammals. Wykeham. [taTG]Google Scholar
Gomez, M. R., Engel, A. G., Dewald, G., & Peterson, H. A. (1977) Failure of inactivation of Duchenne dystrophy X-chromosome in one of female identical twins. Neurology 27:537–41. [KBH]Google Scholar
Goodfellow, P., Banting, G., Sheer, D., Ropers, H. H., Caine, A., Ferguson-Smith, M. A., Povey, S. & Voss, R. (1983) Genetic evidence that a Y-linked gene in man is homologous to a gene on the X chromosome. Nature 302:346–49. [SO]Google Scholar
Goodfellow, P. N. & Andrews, P. W. (1982) Sexual differentiation and H-Y antigen. Nature 295:11–13. [taTG]Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1977) Ontogeny and phytogeny. Harvard University Press. [WCM]Google Scholar
Goulmy, E., Termijtelen, A., Bradley, B. A. & van Rood, J. J. (1977) Y-antigen killing by T cells of women is restricted by HL-A. Nature 266:544–45. [tarTG, SO]Google Scholar
Gove, W. R. (1984) Gender differences in mental and physical illness: The effects of fixed roles and nurturant roles. Society of Science and Medicine 19:77–91. [KBH]Google Scholar
Graham, P. & Rutter, M. (1968) Organic brain dysfunction and child psychiatric disorder. British Medical Journal 3:695–700. [taTG]Google Scholar
Gray, E. & Hurt, V. K. (1979) Distribution of sexes in cattle. Journal of Heredity 70:273–74. [KBH]Google Scholar
Greenberg, R. A. & White, C. (1967) The sexes of consecutive sibs in human sibships. Human Biology 39:374–404. [WHJ, ACP]Google ScholarPubMed
Grotevant, H. D., Scarr, S. & Weinberg, R. A. (1977) Intellectual development in family constellations with natural and adopted children: A test of the Zajonc and Markus model. Child Development 48:1699–1703. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grubb, P. (1974) Social organization of Soay sheep and the behaviour of ewes and lambs. In: Island survivors, ed. Javill, P. A., Miller, C. & Boyd, J. M.. Athlone Press. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Gualtieri, C. T. (1983) Unpublished data. [taTG]Google Scholar
Gualtieri, C. T., Hicks, R. E. & Mayo, J. P. (1984a) ABO incompatibility and parity effects on perinatal mortality. Submitted. [taTG]Google Scholar
Gualtieri, C. T., Hicks, R. E. & Mayo, J. P. (1984b) Influence of sex of antecedent siblings on human sex ratio. Life Sciences 34:1791–94. [taTG]Google Scholar
Gualtieri, C. T., Hicks, R. E. & Mayo, J. P. (1984c) Parity effects on intellectual development are influenced by sex of antecedent siblings. Submitted. [taTG]Google Scholar
Guerrero, R. (1974) Association of the type and time of insemination within the menstrual cycle with the human sex ratio at birth. New England Journal of Medicine 291:1056–59. [CEB]Google Scholar
Guerrero, R. & Rojas, O. I. (1975) Spontaneous abortion and aging of human ova and spermatozoa. New England Journal of Medicine 293:573–75. [CEB]Google Scholar
Haberman, M., Hollingsworth, F., Falek, A. & Michael, R. P. (1975) Gender identity confusion, schizophrenia and a 47 XYY karyotype: A case report. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1:207–9. [KBH]Google Scholar
Hagberg, B., Hagberg, G., Lewerth, A. & Linberg, V. (1981) Mild mental retardation in Swedish school children. 2. Etiologic and pathogenetic aspects. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 70:445–52. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hakola, H. P. A. & Iivanainen, M. (1978) Pneumoencephalographic and clinical findings of the XYY syndrome. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 58:360–70. [KBH]Google Scholar
Halbrecht, I. & Komlos, L. (1976) E-rosette-forming lymphocytes in mother and newborn. Lancet 1:544. [taTG]Google Scholar
Hamilton, J. B., Hamilton, R. S. & Mestler, G. E. (1969) Duration of life and causes of death in domestic cats: Influence of sex, gonadectomy and inbreeding. Journal of Gerontology 24:427–37. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Hamilton, J. B. & Mestler, G. E. (1969) Mortality and survival: comparison of eunuchs with intact men and women in a mentally retarded population. Journal of Gerontology 24:395–411. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1966) The moulding of senescence by natural selection. Journal of Theoretical Biology 12:12–45. [MWJF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, E. H. & Price, J. S. (1969) Birth order and family size: Bias caused by changes in birth rate. British Journal of Psychiatry 115:647–56. [C-GB, taTG]Google Scholar
Harlap, S. (1980) Twin pregnancies following conceptions on different days of menstrual cycle. Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellogiae 29(1):40. [CEB]Google Scholar
Harris, R. E. & Lordon, R. E. (1976) The association of maternal lymphocytotoxic antibodies with obstetric complications. Obstetrics and Gynecology 48:302–04. [taTG]Google Scholar
Hartung, J. (1981) Genome parliaments and sex with the Red Queen. In: Natural selection and social behavior, ed. Alexander, R. D. & Tinkle, D. W.. Chiron Press. [ACP]Google Scholar
Hauser, S. L., Dawson, D. M., Lehrich, J. R., Beal, M. F., Kevy, S. V., Propper, R. D., Mills, J. A. & Weiner, H. L. (1983) Intensive immunosuppression in progressive multiple selerosis. New England Journal of Medicine 308:173–80. [taTG]Google Scholar
Hay, W. (1971) Sex differences in the incidence of certain congenital malfunctions: A review of the literature and some new data. Teratology 4:277–86. [RHB]Google Scholar
Head, J. R. & Beer, A. E. (1979) In vivo and in vitro assessment of the immunologic role of leukocytic cells in milk. In: Immunology of breast milk, ed. Ogra, P. L. & Dayton, D. H.. Raven Press. [AB]Google Scholar
Hicks, R. E. & Gualtieri, C. T. (1984) The structure of sex differences in developmental handicap. Submitted. [taTG]Google Scholar
Hicks, R. E. & Kinsbourne, M. (1981) Fathers and sons, mothers and children: A note on the sex effect on left-handedness. Journal of Genetic Psychology 139:305–06. [taTG]Google Scholar
Hier, D. B., Atkins, L. & Perlo, V. P. (1980) Learning disorders and sex chromosome aberrations. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research 24:17–26. [KHB]Google ScholarPubMed
Holinka, C. F. (1981) Age-related impairments in rodent pregnancy functions in relation to the maternal immune system. Reproductive immunology, progress in clinical and biological research, ed. Gleicher, N.. Alan R. Liss. [CEB]Google Scholar
Hoppe, P. C. & Koo, G. C. (1984) Reacting mouse sperm with monoclonal H-Y antibodies does not influence sex ratio of eggs fertilised in vitro. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 6:1–9. [MA]Google Scholar
Hoyenga, K. B. & Hoyenga, K. T. (1979) The question of sex differences. Little Brown. [KBH]Google Scholar
Hutt, C. (1972) Neuroendocrinological, behavioral and intellectual aspects of sexual differentiation in human development. In: Gender differences: Their ontogeny and significance, ed. Ounsted, C. & Taylor, D. C.. Churchill Livingstone. [taTG]Google Scholar
Immelmann, K., Barlow, G. W.Petrinovich, L. & Main, M., ed. (1981) Behavioral development. Cambridge University Press. [WCM]Google Scholar
Inglis, J. & Lawson, J. S. (1981) Sex differences in the effects of unilateral brain damage on intelligence. Science 212:693–95. [KBH]Google Scholar
Inglis, J. & Lawson, J. S. (1982) A meta-analysis of sex differences in the effects of unilateral brain damage on intelligence test results. Canadian Journal of Psychology 36:670–83. [KBH]Google Scholar
Ingram, T. T. S. (1959) Specific developmental disorders of speech in childhood. Brain 82:450–67. [taTG]Google Scholar
Ingram, T. T. S. (1964) Paediatric aspects of cerebral palsy. Livingstone. [taTG]Google Scholar
James, D. A. (1965) Effects of antigenic dissimilarity between mother and foetus of placental size in mice. Nature 205:613–14. [taTG]Google Scholar
James, W. H. (1975) Sex ratio and the sex composition of the existing sibs. Annals of Human Genetics 38:371–78. [C-GB, WHJ]Google Scholar
James, W. H. (1980a) Gonadotrophin and the human secondary sex ratio. British Medical Journal 281:711–12. [WHJ]Google Scholar
James, W. H. (1980b) Time of fertilisation and sex of infants. Lancet 1:1124–26. [rTG, WHJ]Google Scholar
James, W. H. (1982) The sexes of piglets within the uterine horns. Journal of Heredity 73:378. [RHB]Google Scholar
Jensen, A. R. (1971) The race X sex X ability interaction. In: Intelligence: Genetic and environmental influences, ed. Cancro, R.. Grune & Stratton. [ARJ]Google Scholar
Jensen, A. R. (1973) Educability and group differences. Harper & Row. [ARJ]Google Scholar
Joffe, J. M. (1964) Prenatal determinants of behavior. Pergamon Press. [taTG]Google Scholar
Johansen, K. & Burke, J. (1974) Possible relationships between HL-A antibody formation and fetal sex. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth 81:781–85. [taTG]Google Scholar
Johansen, K., Festenstein, H., & Burke, J. (1974) Possible relationships between maternal IIL-A antibody formation and fetal sex: Evidence for a sex-linked histocompatibility system in man. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth 81:781–85. [taTG]Google Scholar
Johnson, E. M., Gorin, P. D., Brandeis, L. D. & Pearson, J. (1980) Dorsal root ganglion neurons are destroyed by exposure in utero to maternal antibody to nerve growth factor. Science 210:916–18. [tarTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, L. L., Bailey, D. W. & Mobraaten, L. E. (1981) Genetics of histocompatibility in mice. 4. Detection of certain minor (non-Hz) H antigens in selected organs by the popliteal node test. Immunogenetics 14:63–71. [taTG]Google Scholar
Jones, W. R. (1968) Immunologic factors in human placentation. Nature 218:480. [taTG]Google Scholar
Juberg, R. R., Gaar, D. G., Humphries, J. R., Cenac, P. L. & Zambie, M. F. (1976) Sex ratio in the progeny of mothers with toxemia of pregnancy. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 16:299–302. [MA, rTG]Google Scholar
Juret, P., Couette, J. E., Delozier, T., Leplat, G., Mandard, A. M. & Vernhes, J. C. (1978) Sex of first child as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Lancet 1:415–16. [C-GB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaufman, M. H. (1973) Analysis of the first cleavage division to determine the sex-ratio and incidence of chromosome anomalies at conception in the mouse. Journal of Reproductive Fertility 35:67–72. [RHB]Google Scholar
Keller, C. A. (1981) Epidemiological characteristics of preterm births. In: Preterm birth and psychological development, ed. Friedman, S. L. & Sigman, M.. Academic Press. [taTG]Google Scholar
Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, P. & Pelliniemi, L. S. (1984) Sex ratio of human conceptuscs. Obstetrics and Gynecology 64:220–22. [RHB]Google Scholar
Kirby, D. R. S. (1970) The egg and immunology. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 63:59–61. [MA]Google Scholar
Kirby, D. R. S., McWhirter, K. G., Teitelbaum, M. S. & Darlington, C. D. (1967) A possible immunological influence on sex ratio. Lancet 2:139–40. [MA, tarTG]Google Scholar
Kitzmiller, J. L. (1978) Auto immune disorders: Maternal, fetal and neonatal risks. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 21:385–96. [taTG]Google Scholar
Klein, J. (1982) Immunology: The science of self-nonself discrimination. John Wiley and Sons. [AB]Google Scholar
Kolyaskina, G. I., Boehme, D. I., Buravlev, V. M. & Faktor, M. I. (1977) Certain aspects of the study of the brain of the human embryo. Soviet Neurology and Psychiatry 10:24–31. [taTG]Google Scholar
Komlos, L. & Halbreeht, I. (1979) Repeated abortions and histocompatibility antigens. Medical Hypotheses 5:901–8. [RMG]Google Scholar
Kramer, M. (1978) Population changes and schizophrenia, 1970–1985. In: The nature of schizophrenia: New approaches, ed. Wynne, L., Cromwell, R. & Mathysse, S.. Wiley. [taTG]Google Scholar
Krco, C. J. & Goldberg, E. H. (1976) H-Y (male) antigen: Detection in 8-cell embryos. Science 193:1134–35. [taTG]Google Scholar
Lanman, J. T. (1968) Delays during reproduction and their effects on the embryo and fetus. New England Journal of Medicine 278:993–99. [CEB]Google Scholar
LaVeek, B. & LaVeck, G. D. (1977) Sex differences in development among young children with Down's syndrome. Journal of Pediatrics 91:767–69. [KBH]Google Scholar
Lawler, S. D., Ukaejoofo, E. D. & Reeves, B. R. (1975) Interaction between maternal and neonatal cells in mixed-lymphocyte cultures. Lancet 2:1185–87. [MA, tarTG]Google Scholar
LeBoeuf, B. J. (1972) Sexual behaviour in the northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris. Behaviour 41:1–26. [MWJF]Google Scholar
LeBoeuf, B. J. (1971) Male-male competition and reproductive success in elephant seals. American Zoologist 14:163–176. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Lecours, A. R. (1975) Myelogenetic correlates of the development of speach and language. In: Foundations of language development: A multidisciplinary approach, ed. Lenneberg, E. H. & Lenneberg, E.. University Publishers. [AB]Google Scholar
Lee, A. K., Bradley, A. J. & Braithwaite, R. W. (1977). Corticosteroid levels and male mortality in Antechinus stuartii. In: The biology of marsupials. ed. Stonehouse, B. & Gilmore, D.. University Park Press. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Lehrke, R. G. (1978) Sex linkage: A biological basis for greater male variability in intelligence. In: Human variation, vol. 1, ed. Osborne, R. T., Noble, C. E. & Weyl, N.. Academic Press. [taTG]Google Scholar
Lerner, R. M. (1984) On the nature of human plasticity. Cambridge University Press. [ACP]Google Scholar
Lewine, R., Burbach, D. & Meltzer, H. Y. (1984) Effect of diagnostic criteria on the ratio of male to female schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 141:84–87. [KBH]Google Scholar
Lewine, R. R. J. (1981) Sex differences in schizophrenia: Timing or subtypes? Psychological Bulletin 90:432–44. [KBH]Google Scholar
Lewitter, F. I., DeFries, J. C. & Elston, R. C. (1980) Genetic models of reading disability. Behavior Genetics 10:9–30. [taTG]Google Scholar
Lilienfield, A. M. & Pasamanick, B. (1956) The association of maternal and fetal factors with the development of mental deficiency. 2. Relationship to maternal age, birth order, previous reproductive loss and degree of maternal deficiency. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 60:667–69. [taTG]Google Scholar
Lints, F. A., Bourgois, M., Delalieuz, A., Stoll, J. & Lints, C. V. (1983) Does the female life span exceed that of the male? Gerontology 29:336–52. [KBH]Google Scholar
Loke, Y. W. (1978) Immunology and immunopathology of the human fetal-maternal interaction. Elsevier. [tarTG]Google Scholar
Lord, C., Schopler, E. & Revicki, D. (1982) Sex differences in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities 12:317–30. [taTG]Google Scholar
Lotter, V. (1974) Factors related to outcome in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia 4:263–77. [taTG]Google Scholar
Lyon, M. F. (1972) X-chromosome inactivation and developmental patterns in mammals. Biological Reviews 47:1–35. [KBH]Google Scholar
Maccoby, E. E., Doering, C. H., Jacklin, C. N. & Kraemer, H. (1979) Concentrations of sex hormones in umbilical-cord blood: Their relation to sex and birth order of infants. Child Development 50:632–42. [tarTG, KBH, ACP]Google Scholar
Mackey, W. C.Coney, N. (unpublished) Human sex ratio as a function of the woman's psychodynamics: A preliminary study. [WCM]Google Scholar
MacLusky, J. J., Chaptal, C. & McEwen, B. S. (1979) The development of estrogen receptor systems in the rat brain and pituitary: Postnatal development. Brain Research 178:143–60. [MCD]Google Scholar
Malinvaud, E. (1955) Relations entre la composition des families et le taux de masculiuité. Journal de la Société de Statistique de Paris 96:49. [rTG. WHJ]Google Scholar
Markle, G. E. & Nam, G. B. (1971) Sex predetermination: Its impact on fertility. Social Biology 18:73–83. [WHJ]Google Scholar
Matsunaga, T. & Simpson, E. (1978) H-2 complementation in anti-H-Y T cell responses can occur in chimeric mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 75:6207–10. [SO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McClure, P. A. (1981) Sex-biased litter reduction food-restricted wood rats (Neotoma floridana). Science 211:1058–60. [MWJF]Google Scholar
McGlone, J. (1980) Sex differences in human brain asymmetry: A critical survey. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:215–63. [taTG]Google Scholar
McKee, G. J. & Ferguson, M. W. J. (1984) The effects of mesencephalic neural crest cell extirpation on the development of chicken embryos. Journal of Anatomy 139:491–512. [MWJF]Google Scholar
McKeown, T. & Record, R. G. (1956) Maternal age and birth order as indices of environmental influence. American Journal of Human Genetics 8:8–23. [taTG]Google Scholar
McKinney, D. & Feagans, L. (1983) Unpublished data. [taTG]Google Scholar
McLaren, A. (1962) Does maternal immunity to make antigen affect the sex ratio of the young? Nature 195:1323–24. [MA, tarTG, WHJ. ACP]Google Scholar
McLaren, A. (1975) Antigenic disparity: does it affect placental size, implantation or population genetics? In: Immunobiology of trophoblast. ed. Edward, R. G., Howe, C. W. S. & Johnson, M. H.. Cambridge University Press. [MA]Google Scholar
McMillen, M. M. (1979) Differential mortality by sex in fetal and neonatal deaths. Science 204:89–91. [RHB, HC, tarTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MePherson, C. F. C. (1970) Immunochemical approaches to the study of brain function and psychiatric diseases. Canadian Psychiatric Journal 15:641–45. [taTG]Google Scholar
Medawar, P. B. (1963) Some immunological and endocrinological problems raised by the evolution of viviparity in vertebrates. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology. Academic Press. [tarTG]Google Scholar
Medawar, P. B. (1969) The art of the soluable. Penguin Books. [CO]Google Scholar
Medawar, P. B. (1982) Pluto's republic. Oxford University Press. [rTG, CO]Google Scholar
Mednick, S. A. (1970) Breakdown in individuals at high risk for schizophrenia: Possible predispositional perinatal factors. Mental Hygiene 54:50–63. [taTG]Google Scholar
Mednick, S. A., Mura, E., Schulsinger, F. & Mednick, B. (1971) Perinatal conditions and infant development in children with schizophrenic parents. Social Biology 18:103–13. [taTG]Google Scholar
Mednick, S. A., Schulsinger, F., Teasdale, T. W., Schulsinger, H., Venables, P. H. & Rock, D. R. (1977) Schizophrenia in high risk children: Sex differences in predisposing factors. In: Cognitive defects in the development of mental illness, ed. Serban, G.. Brunner/Mazel. [tarTG]Google Scholar
Meikle, D. B., Tilford, B. L. & Vessey, S. H. (1984) Dominance rank, secondary sex ratio, and reproduction of offspring in polygynous primates. American Naturalist 124:173–88. [ACP]Google Scholar
Metrakos, J. D. & Metrakos, K. (1963) Is pregnancy order a factor in epilepsy? Journal of Neurology. Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 26:451–57. [taTG]Google Scholar
Mikamo, K. (1969) Prenatal sex ratio in man. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 34:710–16. [RHB]Google Scholar
Mitchell, A. (1866) Some statistics of idiocy. Edinburgh Medical Journal 1866:639–45. [C-GB]Google Scholar
Mittwoch, U. (1983) Heterogametic sex chromosomes and the development of the dominant gonad in vertebrates. American Naturalist 122:159–180. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Mittwoch, U. & Mahadevaiah, S. (1980a) Additional growth A link between mammalian testes, avian ovaries, gonadal asymmetry in hermaphrodites and the expression of H-Y antigen. Growth 44:287–300. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Mittwoch, U. & Mahadevaiah, S. (1980b) Comparison of development of human fetal gonads and kidneys. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 58:463–67. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Mitchell, A. (1866) Some statistics of idiocy. Edinburgh Medical Journal. 639–45. [C-GB]Google Scholar
Mizuno, M., Lubotsky, J., Lloyd, C. W., Kobayahsi, T. & Murasawa, Y. (1968) Plasma androstenedione and testosterone during pregnancy and in the newborn. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 28:1113–42. [taTG]Google Scholar
Moore, B. C. (1965) Relationship between prematurity and intelligence in mental retardates. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 70:448–53. [taTG]Google Scholar
Moore, K. C. (1982) The developing human. 3d ed.W. B. Saunders. [RHB]Google Scholar
Mourant, A. E., Kopec, A. C., & Domaniewska-Sohczak, . (1978) Blood groups and diseases. Oxford University Press. [RMG]Google Scholar
Müller, U., Mayerova, A., Fraccaro, M., Zuffardi, O., Mikkelsen, M. & Prader, A. (1983) Presence of H-Y antigen in female patients with sex-chromosome mosaics and absence in testicular tissue. American Journal of Medical Genetics 15:315–21. [rTG, KBH]Google Scholar
Nakano, K. K. (1973) Aneneephaly: A review. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 15:383–400. [taTG]Google Scholar
Nanko, S. (1979) Personality traits of 47, XYY and 47, XXY males found among juvenile delinquents. Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica 33:29–34. [KBH]Google Scholar
Nichols, P. L. & Chen, T. C. (1981) Minimal brain dysfunction: A prospective study. Erlhaum. [taTG. ET]Google Scholar
Niswander, K. R. & Gordon, M. (1972) The women and their pregnancies. Saunders. [tarTG]Google Scholar
Novitski, E. (1977) Human genetics. Macmillan. [taTG]Google Scholar
Novitski, E. & Sandler, L. (1956) The relationship between parental age, birth order and the secondary sex ratio in humans. Annals of Human Genetics 21:123–31. [taTG]Google Scholar
Ogra, P. L., Fishaut, M. & Theodore, C. (1980) Immunology of breast milk: Maternal neonatal interactions. In: Human milk, its biological and social value, ed. Freier, S. & Eidelman, A. I.. Excerpta Medica. [AB]Google Scholar
Ohama, K. & Kadotani, T. (1971) Lymphocyte reaction in mixed wife-husband leukocyte cultures in relation to infertility. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 109:477–79. [taTG]Google Scholar
Ohno, S. (1979) Major sex-determining genes. Springer-Verlag. [taTG]Google Scholar
Ohno, S., & Stapleton, D. W. (1981) Associative recognition of testis-organizing H-Y antigen and immunological confusion. In: Bioregulators of reproduction, ed. Jagiero, G.. Academic Press. [SO]Google Scholar
Opler, L. A., Kay, S. R., Rosado, V. & Lindenmayer, J.-P. (1984) Positive and negative syndromes in chronic schizophrenic inpatients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 172:317–25. [rTG, KBH]Google Scholar
Ounsted, C. & Taylor, D. C. (1972) The Y chromosome message: A point of view. In: Gender differences: Their ontogeny and significance, ed. Ounsted, G. & Taylor, D. C.. Churchill Livingstone. [CG, taTG, CO, DCT]Google Scholar
Ounsted, C. & Taylor, D. C., eds. (1972) Gender differences: Their ontogeny and significance. Churchill Livingstone. [RHB]Google Scholar
Ounsted, C. & Ounsted, M. (1970) Effect of Y chromosome on fetal growth rate. Lancet 2:857–58. [taTG]Google Scholar
Ounsted, M. (1972) Gender and intrauterine growth. In: Gender differences: Their ontogeny and significance, ed. Ounsted, C. & Taylor, D. C.. Churchill Livingstone. [HG, taTG]Google Scholar
Palmblad, J. (1981) Stress and immunologic competence: Studies in man. In: Psychoneuroimmunology. ed. Ader, R.. Academic Press. [ACP]Google Scholar
Parkes, A. S. (1926) The mammalian sex-ratio. Biological Reviews 2:1–51. [ACP]Google Scholar
Pappas, C. T. E., Diamond, M. C. & Johnson, R. E. (1979) Morphological changes in the cerebral cortex of rats with altered levels of ovarian hormones. Behavioral Biology 26:298–310. [MCD]Google Scholar
Pennington, B. F. & Smith, S. D. (1983) Genetic influences of learning disabilities and speech and language disorders. Child Development 54:369–87. [taTG]Google Scholar
Petersen, A. C. (1980) Biopsychosocial processes in the development of sex-related differences. In: The psychobiology of sex differences and sex roles, ed. Parsons, J. E.. McGraw-Hill. [ACP]Google Scholar
Phebus, C. K., Gloninger, M. F. & Maeiak, B. J. (1984) Growth patterns by age and sex in children with sickle cell disease. Journal of Pediatrics 105:28–33. [KBH]Google Scholar
Pickles, A. R., Crouchley, R. & Davies, R. B. (1982) New methods for the analysis of sex ratio data independent of the effects of family limitation. Annals of Human Genetics 46:75–81. [WHJ]Google Scholar
Placek, P. (1977) Maternal and infant health factors associated with low infant birth weight: Findings from the 1972 National Natality Survey. In: The epidemiology of prematurity, ed. Reed, D. M. & Stanley, F. J.. Urban and Schwarzenberg. [taTG]Google Scholar
Plomin, R. & DeFries, J. C. (1980) Genetics and intelligence: Recent data. Intelligence 4:15–24. [ARJ]Google Scholar
Poduslo, S. E., McFarland, H. F. & McKahanon, G. M. (1977) Antiserums to neurons and to oligodendroglia from mammalian brain. Science 197:270–72. [taTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ponder, B. A. J., Wilkinson, M. M., Wood, M. & Westwood, J. H. (1983) Immunohistochemical demonstration of H2 antigens in mouse tissue sections. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 31:911–19. [AB]Google Scholar
Price, J. S. & Hare, E. H. (1969) Birth order studies: Some sources of bias. British Journal of Psychiatry 115:633–46. [taTG]Google Scholar
Purtilo, D. T. & Sullivan, J. L. (1979) Immunological basis for superior survival of females. American Journal of Diseases of Children 133:1251–53. [RMG. rTG]Google Scholar
Rasmussen, B. & Gillberg, C. (1983) Perceptual, motor and attentional deficits in seven-year-old children: Paediatric aspects. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 72:125–30. [CG]Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, C. G., Stewart, A. L., Melville, M. M. & Jacobs, P-A. (1970) Chromosome studies on 3500 newborn male infants. Lancet 1:121–22. (CG]Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, S. G., Axworthy, D. & Ginsborg, A. (1979) The Edinburgh study of growth and development in children with sex chromosome abnormalities. Birth Defects: Original Article Series 15:243–60. [KBH]Google Scholar
Ralcliffe, S. G.Tierney, I., Smith, L. & Callan, S. (1981) Psychological and educational progress in children with sex chromosome abnormalities in the Edinburgh longitudinal study. In: Human behavior and genetics, ed. Schmid, W. & Nielsen, J.. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press. [KBH]Google Scholar
Redman, C. W. G., Bodmer, J. G., Bodmer, W. F., Berlin, L. J. & Bonnar, J. (1978) HLA antigens in severe pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2:397–99. [MA. rTG]Google Scholar
Reed, E. W. & Reed, S. C. (1965) Mental retardation. A family study. Saunders. [C-GB, tarTG]Google Scholar
Reed, T. E. (1969) Caucasian genes in American Negroes. Science 165:762–68. [ARJ]Google Scholar
Reinisch, J. M., Gandelman, R. & Spiegel, F. S. (1979) Prenatal influences on cognitive abilities: Data from experimental animals and human genetic and endocrine studies. In: Sex-related differences in cognitive functioning, ed. Wittig, M. A. & Petersen, A. C.. Academic Press. [taTG]Google Scholar
Renkonen, K. O., Mäkelä, O. & Lehtovaara, R. (1962) Factors affecting the human sex ratio. Nature 194:308–09. [MA, tarTG]Google Scholar
Renkonen, K. O. & Timonen, S. (1967) Factors influencing the immunization of Rh-negative mothers. Journal of Medical Genetics 4:166–68. [MA, taTG]Google Scholar
Renoux, G., Biziere, K., Renoux, M. & Guillaumin, J. M. (1980) Le cortex cérébral regie les responses immunes des souris. Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académic. 290:719–22. [MCD]Google Scholar
Rhodes, P. (1965) Sex of the fetus in antepartum hemorrhage. Lancet 2:718–19. [taTG]Google Scholar
Rife, D. C. (1940) Handedness, with special reference to twins. Genetics 25:178–86. [CEB]Google Scholar
Roberts, J. & Engel, R. (1974) Family background, early development and intelligence of children 6–11 years. United States Data from the National Health Survey. DHEW Publ. # (HRA) 75–1624, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. P. H. S., Rockville, Md. [taTG]Google Scholar
Robinette, W. L., Gashwiler, J. S., Low, J. B. & Jones, D. A. (1957) Differential mortality by sex and age among mule deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 21:1–16. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Robins, L. (1966) Deviant children grown up. Williams and Wilkins. [taTG]Google Scholar
Robinson, A., Bender, B., Borelli, J., Puck, M. & Salbenblatt, J. (1983) Sex chromosomal anomalies: Prospective studies in children. Behavior Genetics 13:321–29. [KBH]Google Scholar
Robson, E. B. (1955) Birth weight in cousins. Annals of Human Genetics 19:262–68. [taTG]Google Scholar
Rosenberg, B. G. & Sutton-Smith, B. (1969) Sibling age spacing effects upon cognition. Developmental Psychology 1:661–68. [taTG]Google Scholar
Rosenthal, D. (1962) Familial concordance by sex with respect to schizophrenia. Psychological Bulletin 59:401–21. [taTG]Google Scholar
Rostron, J. & James, W. H. (1977) Maternal age, parity, social class and sex ratio. Annals of Human Genetics. London 41:205–17. [KBH]Google Scholar
Roszkowski, W., Plaut, M. & Lichtenstein, L. M. (1977) Selective display of histamine receptors in lymphocytes. Science 195:383–85. [taTG]Google Scholar
Rubenstein, A. (1982) An immunologic hypothesis concerning some congenital diseases and malformations. Medical Hypotheses 9:417–19. [taTG]Google Scholar
Rutter, M. (1970) Sex differences in children's response to family stress. In: International yearbook of child psychiatry, ed. Anthony, E. J. & Kupernik, C. Wiley. [taTG]Google Scholar
Rutter, M. (1984) Family and school influences on cognition. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. In press. [ET]Google Scholar
Rutter, M. & Graham, P. (1970) Epidemiology of psychiatric disorder. In: Education. Health and Behavior, ed. Rutter, M., Tizard, J. & Whitmore, K.. Longman. [rTG]Google Scholar
Rutter, M. & Madge, N. (1976) Cycles of disadvantage. Heinemann. [ET]Google Scholar
Rutter, M., Tizard, J. & Whitmore, K., eds. (1970) Education, health and behaviour. Longman. [rTG, ET]Google Scholar
Sahin, A. B., Krumbiegel, E. R. & Wigand, R. (1958) Echo type 9 virus disease. Journal of Diseases of Children 96:197–219. [taTG]Google Scholar
Salzmann, K. D. (1955) Do transplacental hormones cause eclampsia? Lancet 2:953–56. [rTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuels, L. (1979) Reply to Lewine. Schizophrenia Bulletin 5:5–10. [taTG]Google Scholar
Sasaki, M., Ikeuchi, T., Obara, Y., Hayata, I., Mori, M. & Kohno, S. (1971) Chromosome studies in early embryogenesis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 111:8–12. [RHB]Google Scholar
Scarr, S. & Carter-Saltzman, L. (1982) Genetics and intelligence. In: Handbook of human intelligence, ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Cambridge University Press. [ARJ]Google Scholar
Schlesinger, E. R., Alaway, N. C. & Peltin, S. (1959) Survivorship in cerebral palsy. American Journal of Public Health 49:343–49. [taTG]Google Scholar
Schoenbaum, S., Biano, S. & Mack, T. (1975) Epidemiology of congenital rubella syndrome: The role of maternal parity. Journal of the American Medical Association 233:151–55. [CEB, taTG]Google Scholar
Schooler, C. (1964) Birth order and hospitalization for schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 69:574–79. [C-GB]Google Scholar
Schrag, H. L. (1973) Program planning for the developmentally disabled: Using survey results. Mental Retardation 11:8–10. [taTG]Google Scholar
Schuster, D. H. & Schuster, L. (1969) Theory of stress and sex ratio. Proceedings. 77th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association 223–24. [KBH]Google Scholar
Scott, J. P. (1979) Critical periods in the organizational process. In: Human growth, vol. 3: Neurobiology and nutrition, ed. Falkner, F. & Tanner, J. M.. Bailliere Tindall. [AB]Google Scholar
Scott, J. R (1976) Immunological aspects of trophoblast neoplasia. In: Immunology of human reproduction, ed. Scott, J. S. & Jones, W. K.. Grune & Stratton. [taTG]Google Scholar
Scott, J. R. & Beer, A. E. (1973) Immunologic factors in first pregnancy Rh immunisation. Lancet 1:717–18. [CEB, taTG]Google Scholar
Scott, J. R., Beer, A. E. & Stastny, P. (1976) Immunogenctic factors in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Journal of the American Medical Association 235:402–04. [rTG]Google Scholar
Scott, J. S., Maddison, P. J., Taylor, P. V., Esscher, E.Scott, O. & Skinner, R. P. (1983) Connective-tissue disease, antibodies to ribonucleoprotein, and congenital heart block. New England Journal of Medicine 309:209–12. [rTG. PVT]Google Scholar
Scottish Council for Research in Education. (1949) The trend of Scottish intelligence. London University Press. [rTG]Google Scholar
Searleman, A., Herrmann, D. J. & Coventry, A. K. (1984) Cognitive abilities and left-handedness: An interaction between familial sinistrality and strength of handedness. Intelligence 8:295–304. [ARS]Google Scholar
Searleman, A., Porac, C. & Coren, S. (in preparation) Pathological left-handedness and birth stress: A review. [ARS]Google Scholar
Searleman, A., Tsao, Y. C. & Balzer, W. (1980) A reexamination of the relationship between birth stress and handedness. Clinical Neuropsychology 2(3):124–28. [ARS]Google Scholar
Sedlis, A., Berendes, H., Kim, H. S., Stone, D. F., Weiss, W., Deutschberger, J. & Jackson, E. (1967) The placental weight-birthweight relationship. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 9:160–71. [taTG]Google Scholar
Seidman, L. J. (1983) Schizophrenia and brain dysfunction: An integration and recent neurodiagnostic findings. Psychological Bulletin 94:195–238. [KBH]Google Scholar
Selander, R. K. (1966) Sexual dimorphism and differential niche utilization in birds. Condor 68:113–51. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Shaffer, D. & Fisher, P. (1981) Suicide in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 20:545–65. [taTG]Google Scholar
Shearer, M. L., Davidson, R. T. & Finch, S. M. (1967) The sex ratio of offspring born to state hospitalized schizophrenic women. Journal of Psychiatric Research 5:349–50. [taTG]Google Scholar
Siiteri, P. K., Febres, F., Clemens, L. E., Chang, R. J., Gondos, B. & Stites, D. (1977) Progesterone and maintenance of pregnancy: Is progesterone nature's immunosupppressant? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 286:384–97. [taTG]Google Scholar
Siiteri, P. K., Jones, L. A., Roubinian, J. & Talal, N. (1980) Sex steroids and the immune system. I. Sex difference in autoimmune disease in NZB/NZW hybrid mice. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 12:425–32. [KBH]Google Scholar
Silvers, W. K., Gasser, D. L., & Eicher, E. M. (1982) H-Y antigen, serologically detectable male antigen and sex determination. Cell 28:439–40. [rTG, SO]Google Scholar
Simmons, R. L. (1971) Viviparity, histocompatibility and fetal survival. Advances in Bioscienccs 6:405–19. [taTG]Google Scholar
Singer, J. E., Westphal, M. & Niswander, K. R. (1968) Sex differences in the incidence of neonatal abnormalities and abnormal performance in early childhood. Child Development 39:103–12. [taTG]Google Scholar
Sio, J. O., & Beer, A. E. (1982) Placenta as an immunological barrier. Biology of Reproduction 26:15–27. [RMG]Google Scholar
Skoff, R. & Montgomery, I. N. (1981) Expression of mosaicism in females heterozygous for Jimpy. Brain Research 212:175–81. [KBH]Google Scholar
Slater, E., Beard, A. W. & Glithero, E. (1963) The schozophrenia-like psychoses of epilepsy. British Journal of Psychiatry 109:95–112. [taTG]Google Scholar
Sloaue, D. M. & Lee, C.-F. (1983) Sex of previous children and intention for further births in the U.S. 1965–76. Demography 20:353–67. [WHJ]Google Scholar
Smolen, J. S. & Steinberg, A. D. (1981) Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy: Clinical immunological and theoretical aspects. In: Reproductive immunology, progress in clinical and biological research. ed. Gleicher, N.. Alan R. Liss. [CEB]Google Scholar
Snow, M. H. L. & Tam, P. P. L.. (1979) Is compensatory growth a complicating factor in mouse teratology? Nature 279:555–57. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Sobel, D. E (1961) Children of schizophrenic patients: Preliminary observations on early development. American Journal of Psychiatry 118:512–17. [taTG]Google Scholar
Solomon, G. F. (1984) Emotions, immunity and disease: An historical and philosophical perspective. In: Breakdown in human adaptation to “stress”: Towards a multidisciplinary approach, ed. Balleux, R. E.. Fielding, J. F. & L'Abbate, A., Martinns Nijhoff Publisher. [RMG, rTG]Google Scholar
Sørenson, K. & Nielsen, J. (1977) Reactive paranoid psychosis in a 47.XYY male. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 55:233–36. [KBH]Google Scholar
Sotelo, J., Gibbs, G. J. & Gadjusek, D. C. (1980) Auto antibodies against axonal neurofilaments in patients with Kuru and Crentzfeld-Jakob disease. Science 210:190–93. [taTG]Google Scholar
Spector, W. S., ed. (1956) Handbook of biological data. W. B. Saunders. [RHB]Google Scholar
Stanley, F. & Blair, E. (1984) Postnatal risk factors in the cerebral palsies. In: The epidemiology of the cerebral palsies, ed. Stanley, F. & Alberman, F.. Spastics International Medical Publications. [HC, rTG]Google Scholar
Steelman, L. C. & Mercy, J. A. (1983) Sex differences in the impact of the number of older and younger siblings on IQ performance. Social Psychology Quarterly 46:157–62. [taTG]Google Scholar
Stubbs, E. G. (1976) Autistic children exhibit undetectable hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titres despite previous rubella vaccination. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia 6:269–74. [taTG]Google Scholar
Stubbs, E. G., Ritvo, E. R. & Mason-Brothers, A. (1984) Autism and shared parental HLA antigens. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry. In press. [CG]Google Scholar
Stubbs, F. G. & Crawford, M. L. (1977) Depressed lymphocyte responsiveness in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia 7:49–55.Google Scholar
Tain, P. P. L. & Snow, M. H. L. (1981) Proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells during compensatory growth in mouse embryos. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 64:133–47. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Taylor, C. & Faulk, W. P. (1981) Prevention of recurrent abortions with leukocyte transfusions. Lancet 2:68–70. [RMG]Google Scholar
Taylor, D. C. (1969) Differential rates of cerebral maturation between sexes and between hemispheres. Lancet 2:140–42. [taTG]Google Scholar
Taylor, D. C. (1981) The influence of sexual differentiation on growth, development, and disease. In: Scientific foundations of paediatrics. 2d ed., ed. Davis, J. & Dobbing, J.. Heinemann Medical Books Ltd. [DCT]Google Scholar
Taylor, D. C. (in press) Mechanisms of sex differentiation: Evidence from disease. In: Human sexual dimorphism, ed. Newcombe, F., Ghesquiere, J. & Martin, R.. Taylor and Francis. [DCT]Google Scholar
Taylor, D. C. & Ounsted, C. (1971) Biological mechanisms influencing the outcome of seizures in response to fever. Epilepsia 12:33–45. [taTG]Google Scholar
Taylor, D. C. & Ounsted, C. (1972) The nature of gender differences explored through ontogenetic analyses of sex ratios in disease. In: Gender differences. Their ontogeny and significance, ed. Ounsted, C. & Taylor, D. C.. Churchill Livingstone. [taTG]Google Scholar
Taylor, M. A. (1969) Sex ratios of newborns: Associated with prepartum and postpartum sehizophrenia. Science 164:723–24. [tarTG]Google Scholar
Taylor, P. V. & Griffiths, S. J. (1984) Pathogenic effects of Ro (SS-A) antibody in heart and brain. Presented at the first Rodin Remediation Symposium. St. Andrews, Scotland. [PVT]Google Scholar
Teitelbaum, M. S. (1970) Factors affecting the sex ratio in large populations. Journal of Biosocial Science. Supplement 2:61–71. [ACP]Google Scholar
Teitelbaum, M. S. (1972) Factors associated with the sex ratio in human populations. In: The structure of human populations, ed. Harrison, G. H. & Boyce, A. J.. Clarendon Press. [rTG, ACP]Google Scholar
Terasaki, P. I., Mickey, M. R., Yamazaki, J. N. & Vredevoe, D. (1970) Maternal-fetal imcompatibility. Transplantation 9:538–43. [taTG]Google Scholar
Thorley, J. D., Holmes, R. K., Kaplan, J. M., McCracken, G. H. & Sanford, J. P. K. (1975) Passive transfer of antibodies of maternal origin from blood to cerebrospinal fluid in infants. Lancet 1:651–53. [taTG]Google Scholar
Tips, R. L., Smith, G. & Meyer, D. L. (1964) Reproductive failure in families of patients with idiopathic developmental retardation. Pediatrics 33:100–05. [taTG]Google Scholar
Toivanen, P. & Hirvonen, T. (1970a) Placental weight in human foeto-maternal incompatibility. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 7:533–39. [taTG]Google Scholar
Toivanen, P. & Hirvonen, T. (1970b) Sex ratio of newborns: Preponderance of males in toxemia of pregnancy. Science 170:187–88. [tarTG]Google Scholar
Trevarthen, C. (1979) Neuroembryology and the development of perception. In: Human growth 3: Neurobiology and nutrition, ed. Falkner, F. & Tanner, J. M.. Bailliere Tindall. [AB]Google Scholar
Trites, R. L., Dugas, E., Lynch, G. & Gerguson, H. B. (1979) Prevalence of hyperactivity. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 4:179–88. [taTG]Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1972) Parental investment and sexual selection. In: Sexual selection and the descent of man. 1891–1971. ed. Campbell, B. H.. Aldine. [WCM]Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1974) Parent-offspring conflict. American Zoologist 14:249–64. [WCM]Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. & Willard, D. E. (1973) Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio. Science 179:90–92. [MWJF, WCM]Google Scholar
Truog, W. E., Kessler, D. L., Palmer, S., Murphy, J., Woodrum, D. E. & Hodson, W. A. (1981) Differential effect of sex in experimental hyaline membrane disease in newborn monkeys. American Reviews of Respiratory Diseases 124:435–39. [KBH]Google Scholar
Tsai, L. Y. & Beisler, J. M. (1983) The development of sex differences in infantile autism. British Journal of Psychiatry 142:373–78. [taTG]Google Scholar
Tsai, L., Stewart, M. A. & August, G. (1981) Implications of sex difference in the familial transmission of infantile autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 11:165–73. [taTG]Google Scholar
van den Berghe, P. L. (1979) Human family systems: An evolutionary view. Elsevier. [WCM]Google Scholar
Vernier, M. C. (1975) Sex-differential placentation. Biology of the Neonate 26:76–87. [taTG]Google Scholar
Vessey, M. P. (1972) Gender differences in the epidemiology of non-neurologic disease. In: Gender differences: Their ontogeny and significance, ed. Ounsted, C. & Taylor, D. C.. Churchill Livingston. [taTG]Google Scholar
Wachtel, S. S., Hall, J. L., Muller, U. & Chaganti, R. S. K. (1980) Serumborn H-Y antigen in the fetal bovine freemartin. Cell 21:917–26. [RMG]Google Scholar
Wachtel, S. S., Koo, G. C. & Boyse, E. A. (1975) Evolutionary conservation of H-Y (male) antigen. Nature 254:270–72. [taTG]Google Scholar
Wachtel, S. S., Wachtel, G. M., Nakamura, D. & Gilmour, D. (1983) H-Y antigen in the chicken. Differentiation 23:S107–S115. [KBH]Google Scholar
Waldrop, M. F. & Bell, R. D. (1966) Effects of family size and density on newborn characteristics. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 36:544–50. [taTG]Google Scholar
Wallace, S. J. (1974) The reproductive efficiency of parents whose children convulse when febrile. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 16:465–74. [taTG]Google Scholar
Warburton, D. & Naylor, F. (1971) The effect of parity on placental weight and birth weight: An immunological phenomenon. American Journal of Human Genetics 23:41–54. [taTG]Google Scholar
Ward, W. F., Karp, C. H. & Aceto, H. Jr (1977) Developmental effects of the uterine environment: Dependence on fetal sex in rats. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 50:269–74. [KBH]Google Scholar
Webb, G. J. W. & Smith, A. M. A. (1984) Sex ratio and survivorship in the Australian freshwater crocodile Crocodylus johnstoni. In: The structure. development and evolution of reptiles, ed. Ferguson, M. W. J.. Academic Press. [MWJF]Google Scholar
Weinberg, W. (1913) Die kinder der tubcrkulösen. Hirzel. [C-GB]Google Scholar
Weinberger, D. R., Cannon-Spoor, E., Potkin, S. G. & Wyatt, R. J. (1980) Poor premorbid adjustment and CT scan abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 137:1410–13. [taTG]Google Scholar
Weizman, A., Weizman, R., Szekely, G. A., Wijsenbeek, H. & Levni, E. (1982) Abnormal immune response to brain tissue antigen in the syndrome of autism. American Journal of Psychiatry 139:1462–65. [taTG]Google Scholar
Whyte, M. K. (1978) Cross-cultural codes dealing with the relative status of women. Ethnography 12:211–37. [WCM]Google Scholar
Williams, A. F. (1982) Surface molecules and cell interaction. Journal of Theoretical Biology 98:221–34. [AB]Google Scholar
Williams, C. A. & Schupf, N. (1977) Antigen-antibody reactions in rat brain sites induce transient changes in drinking behavior. Science 196:328–30. [taTG]Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1975) Sociobiology. Harvard University Press. [WCM]Google Scholar
Wilson, M. G., Parmelee, A. H. & Hoggins, M. H. (1963) Prenatal history of infants with birth weights of 1500 grams or less. Journal of Pediatrics 63:1140–50. [taTG]Google Scholar
Wing, L. (1981) Sex ratios in early childhood autism and related conditions. Psychiatry Research 5:129–37. [taTG]Google Scholar
Winter, S. T. (1972) The male disadvantage in disease acquired in childhood. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 14:517–20. [HC]Google Scholar
Wolf, V. (1981) Genetic aspects of H-Y antigen. Human Genetics 58:25–28. [taTG]Google Scholar
Wolin, S. L. & Steitz, J. A. (1984) The Ro small cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins: Identification of the antigenic protein and its binding site on the Ro RNAs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 81:1996–2000. [PVT]Google Scholar
Woolf, C. M. (1971) Congenital cleft lip: A genetic study of 496 propositi. Journal of Medical Genetics 8:65–84. [ taTG]Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1983) World health statistics. Annual 1983. WHO. [ACP]Google Scholar
Wrangham, K. W. (1982) Mutualism, kinship, and social evolution. In: Current problems in sociobiology. ed. King's College Sociobiology Group. Cambridge University Press. [ACP]Google Scholar
Wyshak, G. (1969) Intervals between births in families containing one set of twins. Journal of Biological and Social Sciences 1:337. [taTG]Google Scholar
Yakovlev, P. I. & Lecours, A. R. (1967) The myclogenetic cycles of regional maturation of the brain. In: Regional development of the brain in early life. ed. Minkowski, A.. Blackwell. [AB]Google Scholar
Yamamoto, M., Ito, T. & Watanabe, G. (1977) Determination of prenatal sex ratio in man. Human Genetics 36:265–69. [RHB]Google Scholar
Zajone, R. B. (1976) Family configuration and intelligence. Science 192:227–36. [HC, taTG]Google Scholar
Zajone, R. B. (1983) Validating the confluence model. Psychological Bulletin 93:157–80. [taTG]Google Scholar
Zerssen, D. V. & Weyerer, S. (1982) Sex differences in rates of mental disorders. International Journal of Mental Health 11:9–45. [taTG]Google Scholar
Zinkernagel, R. M. & Doherty, P. D. (1974) Immunological surveillance against altered self components by sensitized T-lymphocytes in lymphocytic choriomeningitis. Nature 251:547–49. [SO]Google Scholar