Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-npwhs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T07:54:30.633Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bird-song dialects: Filling in the gaps

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Eliot A. Brenowitz
Eliot A. Brenowitz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , March 1985 , pp. 101 - 102
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Andrew, R. J. (1962) Evolution of intelligence and vocal mimicking. Science 137:585–89. [taMCB, PRM]Google Scholar
Asdourian, A. (1967) Object attachment and the critical period. Psychonomic Science 7:235–36. [taMCB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avery, M. & Oring, L. W. (1977) Song dialects in the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). Condor 79:113–18. [taMCB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, M. C. (1974) Genetic structure of two populations of white-crowned sparrows with different song dialects. Condor 76:351–56. [tarMCB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, M. C. (1975) Song dialects and genetic differences in white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophyrs). Evolution 29:226–11. [tarMCB, LFB, PFJ, RMZ]Google Scholar
Baker, M. C. (1981) Effective population size in a song bird: Some possible implications. lleredity 46:209–18. [taMCB)Google Scholar
Baker, M. C. (1983) The behavioral response of female Nuttall's white-crowned sparrows to male song of natal and alien dialects. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 12:309–15. [tarMCB, PFJ, DEK, REL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, M. C., Baker, A. E. M., Cunningham, M. A., Thompson, D. B. & Tomback, D. F. (1984) Reply to “Allozymes and song dialects: A reassessment.” Evolution 38:449–51. [tarMCB]Google Scholar
Baker, M. C., Bottjer, S. W. & Arnold, A. P. (1984) Sexual dimorphism and lack of seasonal changes in vocal control regions of the white-crowned sparrow brain. Brain Research 295:85–89. [taMCB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, M. C. & Marler, P. (1980) Behavioral adaptations that constrain the gene pool in vertebrates. In: Evolution of social behavior: Hypotheses and empirical tests, ed. Markl, H., Verlag Chemie. [taMCB, WMS]Google Scholar
Baker, M. C. & Mewaldt, L. R. (1978) Song dialects as barriers to dispersal in white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli. Evolution 32:712–22. [tarMCB, PFJ, DEK, PKM, LP, RMZ]Google Scholar
Baker, M. C. (1981) Response to “Song dialects as barriers to dispersal: A re-evaluation.” Evolution 35:189–90. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Baker, M. C., Sherman, C. L., Theimer, T. C. & Bradley, D. C. (1982) Population biology of white-crowned sparrows: Residence time and local movements of juveniles. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 11:133–37. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Baker, M. C., Spitler-Nabors, K. J. & Bradley, D. C. (1981) Early experience determines song dialect responsiveness of female sparrows. Science 214:819–21. [taMCB, EAB, PKM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, M. C. & Thompson, D. B. (1984) Song dialects of sparrows: Historical processes inferred from patterns of geographic variation. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Baker, M. C., Thompson, D. B. & Sherman, G. L. (1981) Neighbor/stranger song discrimination in white-crowned sparrows. Condor 83:265–67. [taMCB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, M. C., Thompson, D. B., Sherman, G. L. & Cunningham, M. A. (1981) The role of male vs. male interactions in maintaining population dialect structure. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8:65–69. [tarMCB, EAB, PKM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, M. C., Thompson, D. B., Sherman, G. L., Cunningham, M. A. & Tomback, D. F. (1982) Allozyme frequencies in a linear series of song dialect populations. Evolution 36:1020–29. [taMCB, PFJ, RMZ]Google Scholar
Baker, M. C., Tomback, D. F., Thompson, D. B., Theimer, T. C. & Bradley, D. C. (in press) Behavioral consequences of song learning: Discrimination of song types by male white-crowned sparrows. Learning and Motivation. [tarMCB]Google Scholar
Baptista, L. F. (1972) Wild house finch sings white-crowned sparrow song. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 30:266–70. [LFB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baptista, L. F. (1974) The effects of songs of wintering white-crowned sparrows on song development in sedentary populations of the species. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 34:147–71. [LFB, LP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baptista, L. F. (1975) Song dialects and denies in sedentary populations of the white-crowned sparrow (Zontrichia leucophrys nuttalli). University of California Publications in Zoology 105:1–52. [taMCB, LFB, PJBS, MJW]Google Scholar
Baptista, L. F. (1977) Geographic variation in song and dialects of the Puget Sound white-crowned sparrow. Condor 79:356–70. [LFB, LP]Google Scholar
Baptista, L. F. (1983) Commentary: Bird song learning: Theme and variations. In: Perspectices in ornithology, ed. Brush, A. H. & Clark, G. A. JrCambridge University Press. [LFB]Google Scholar
Baptista, L. F. & King, J. R. (1980) Geographical variation in song and song dialects of montane white-crowned sparrows. Condor 82:267–84. [taMCB, LFB]Google Scholar
Baptista, L. F. & Morton, M. L. (1982) Song dialects and mate selection in montane white-crowned sparrows. Auk 99:537–47. [tarMCB, LFB, PKM, LP]Google Scholar
Baptista, L. F. & Petrinovich, L. (1984) Social interaction, sensitive phases and the song template hypothesis in the white-crowned sparrow. Animal Behaviour 32:172–81. [tarMCB, LFB, JKC, PFJ, LP, PJBS, MJW]Google Scholar
Baptista, L. F. & Wells, H. (1975) Additional evidence of song-mishnprinting in the white-crowned sparrow. Bird Banding 46:269–72. [LP]Google Scholar
Barrowelongh, G. F. (1980a) Gene flow, effective population sizes, and genetic variance components in birds. Evolution 34:789–98. [RMZ]Google Scholar
Barrowelongh, G. F. (1980b) Genetic and phenotypic differentiation in a wood warbler (Genus Dendroica) hybrid zone. Auk 97:655–68. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Barrowelongh, G. F. (1983) Biochemical studies of microevolutionary processes. In: Perspectives in ornithology, ed. Brush, A. H. & Clark, G. A. JrCambridge University Press. [RMZ]Google Scholar
Barrowelongh, G. F., Johnson, N. K. & Zink, R. M. (1984) On the nature of genic variation in birds. In: Current ornithology, vol. 2, ed. Johnston, R. F.. Plenum Press. [RMZ]Google Scholar
Barrowclongh, G. F. & Shields, G. F. (1985) Karyotypic evolution and long-term effective population sizes of birds. Auk 101:99–102. [RMZ]Google Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1978) Sexual imprinting and optimal outbreeding. Nature 273:659–60. [WMS]Google Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1979) How do sensitive periods arise and what are they for? Animal Behaviour 27:470–86. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1980) Optimal outbreeding and the development of sexual preferences in Japanese quail. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 53:231–44. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Beattie, D. (1984) Ottawa Valley English: A preliminary survey. [JKC]Google Scholar
Becker, P. H. (1982) The coding of species-specific characteristics in bird sounds. In: Acoustic communication in birds, vol. 1, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H.. Academic Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Bertram, B. (1970) The vocal behaviour of the Indian Hill mynah, Gracula religiosa. Animal Behaviour Monograph 3:81–192. [taMCB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birdsell, J. B. (1950) Some implications of the genetical concept of race in terms of spatial analysis. Gold Spring Harbor Symposium in Quantitative Biology 15:259–310. [JHH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birdsell, J. B. (1958) On population structure in generalized hunting and collecting populations. Evolution 12:189–205. [JHH]Google Scholar
Bjerke, T. K. & Bjerke, T. H. (1981) Song dialects in the redwing Tardus iliacus. Ornis Scandinavica 12:40–50. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Blanchard, B. D. (1941) The white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) of the Pacific seaboard: Environment and annual cycle. University of California Publications in Zoology 46:1–178. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Blom, J. P. & Gumperz, J. (1972) Social meaning in linguistic structures: Code-switching in Norway. In: Directions in sociolinguistics. ed. Gumperz, J. & Hymes, D.. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [RWF]Google Scholar
Bohner, J. (1983) Song learning in the zebra fineh (Taeniopygia guttata): Selectivity in the choice of a tutor and accuracy of song copies. Animal Behaviour 31:231–37. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Bourhis, R., Giles, H. & Lambert, W. (1975) Social consequences of accommodating one's style of speech: A cross-national investigation. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 6:55–72. [JKC]Google Scholar
Brooks, R. J. & Falls, J. B. (1975) Individual recognition by song in white-throated sparrows. 1. Discrimination of songs of neighbors and strangers. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53:879–88. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Burghardt, G. M. (1977) Ontogeny of communication. In: How animals communicate, ed. Sebeok, T. E.. Indiana University Press. [MJW]Google Scholar
Bush, G. L., Case, S. M., Wilson, A. C. & Patton, J. L. (1977) Rapid speciation and chromosomal evolution in mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 74:3942–46. [taMCB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. & Bodmer, W. F. (1971) The genetics of human populations. W. H. Freeman and Co. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. & Feldman, M. W. (1981) Cultural transmission and evolution: A quantitative approach. Princeton University Press. [tcMCB]Google ScholarPubMed
Chambers, J. K. & Trudgill, P. (1980) Dialectology. Cambridge University Press. [JKC]Google Scholar
Chappuis, C. (1971) Un exemple de l'influence du milieu sur les émissions vocales des oiseaux: L'evolution des chants en forêt équatoriale. Terre-Vie 118:183–202. [FN]Google Scholar
Clarke, B. (1968) Balanced polymorphism and regional differentiation in land snails. In: Evolution and environment, ed. Drake, E. T.. Yale University Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Conrads, K. (1966) Der Egge-Dialekt des Buchfinken (Fringilla coelebs) Ein Beitrag zur geographischen Gesangsvariation. Vogelwelt 87:176–82. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Conrads, K. & Conrads, W. (1971) Regionaldialekte des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Deutschland. Vogelwelt 92:81–100. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Corbin, K. W. (1981) Genie heterozygosity in the white-crowned sparrow: A potential index to boundaries between subspecies. Auk 98:669–80. [rMCB, RMZ]Google Scholar
Cracraft, J. (1983) Species concepts and speciation analysis. In: Current ornithology, vol. 1, ed. Johnston, R. E.. Plenum Press. [REL]Google Scholar
Craig, J. L. & Jenkins, P. F. (1982) The evolution of complexity in broadcast song of passerines. Journal of Theoretical Biology 95:415–22. [PFJ, WMS]Google Scholar
Cunningham, M. A. (1985) Vocal learning and song dialects in Nuttall's white-crowned sparrow. Ph.D. thesis, Colorado State University. [taMCB, LFB]Google Scholar
Cunningham, M. A.(submitted) Dispersal in white-crowned sparrows: A computer simulation of the effect of study area size on estimates of local recruitment. [r.MCB]Google Scholar
Cunningham, M. A. & Baker, M. C. (1983) Vocal learning in white-crowned sparrows: Sensitive phase and song dialects. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 13:259–69. [tarMCB, LFB, PFJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, M. A., Baker, M. C., & Boardman, T. J. (in preparation) Microgeographic song variation in of the Nuttall's white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophyrs nuttalli). [rMCB]Google Scholar
Curtiss, S. (1977) Genie: A psycholinguistic study of a modern-day “wild child.” Academic Press. [ADG]Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. (1980) Good strategy or evolutionarily stable strategy? In: Sociobiology: Beyond nature nurture?, ed. Barlow, G. W. & Silverberg, J.. Westview Press. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. & Krebs, J. R. (1978) Animal signals: Information or manipulation? In: Behavioural ecology, ed. Krebs, J. R. & Davis, N. B.. Sinauer. [REL]Google Scholar
DeVoogd, T. & Nottebohm, F. (1981) Gonadal hormones induce dendritic growth in the adult avian brain. Science 214:202–4. [taMCB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dietrich, K. (1980) Vorbildwahl in der Gesangsentwicklung beim Japanischen Mövehen (Lonchura striata var. domestica, Estriklidac). Zcitschrift für Tierpsychologie 52:57–76. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Douglas-Cowie, E. (1978) Linguistic code-switching in a northern Irish village: Social interaction and social ambition. In: Sociolinguistic patterns in British English, ed. Trudgill, P.. Edward Arnold. [JKC]Google Scholar
Dyson, F. (1979) Disturbing the universe. Harper and Row. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Eales, L. A. (in press). Song learning in zebra finches: Some effects of song model availability on what is learnt and when. Animal Behaviour. [PJBS]Google Scholar
Emlen, S., Rising, J. D. & Thompson, W. L. (1975) A behavioral and morphological study of sympatry in the indigo and lazuli buntings of the Great Plains. Wilson Bulletin 87:145–79. [taMCB, LFB]Google Scholar
Endler, J. A. (1977) Geographic variation, speciation. and clines. Princeton University Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Falls, J. B. (1978) Bird song and territorial behavior. In: Aggression. dominance and individual spacing in the study of communication and affect, vol. 4, ed. Krames, L., Pliner, P. & Alloway, T.. Plenum Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Ficken, M. S. & Ficken, R. W. (1967) Singing behaviour of blue-winged and golden-winged warblers and their hybrids. Behaviour 28:149–81. [taMCB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ficken, M. S. & Ficken, R. W. (1968a) Courtship of blue-winged warblers, golden-winged warblers, and their hybrids. Wilson Bulletin 80:161–72. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Ficken, M. S. & Ficken, R. W. (1968b) Reproductive isolating mechanisms in the blue-winged warbler-golden-winged warbler complex. Evolution 22:166–79. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Giles, H. & Powesland, P. F. (1975) Speech style and social evaluation. Academic Press. [JKC]Google Scholar
Giles, H. & Smith, P. (1979) Accommodation theory: Optimal levels of convergence. In: Language and social psychology, ed. Giles, H. & Clair, R. St.. Blackwell. [JKC]Google Scholar
Gill, F. B. & Murray, B. G. Jr (1972) Discrimination behavior and hybridization of the blue-winged and golden-winged warblers. Evolution 26:282–93. [taMCB]Google ScholarPubMed
Gompertz, T. (1961) The vocabulary of the great tit. British Birds 54:369–94. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1971) Development of species identification in birds. University of Chicago Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1974) On the acoustic basis of species identification in wood ducklings (Aix sponsa). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 87:387–99. [GG]Google ScholarPubMed
Gottlieb, G. (1978) Development of species identification in ducklings: 4. Change in species-specific perception caused by auditory deprivation. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 92:375–87. [GG]Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1981) Roles of early experience in species-specific perceptual development. In: Development of perception, vol. 1., ed. Aslin, R. N., Alberts, J. R. & Petersen, M. R.. Academic Press. [GG]Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (in press) On discovering significant acoustic dimensions of auditory stimulation for infants. In: Measurement of audition and vision in the first year of postnatal life: A methodological overview, ed. Gottlieb, G. & Krasnegor, N. A.. Ablex. [GG]Google Scholar
Green, S. (1975) Dialects in Japanese monkeys: Vocal learning and cultural transmission or locale-specific behavior? Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 38:304–14. [CTS]Google Scholar
Greenwood, P. J. & Harvey, P. H. (1982) The natal and breeding dispersal of birds. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 13:1–21. [PJG]Google Scholar
Guiton, P. (1959) Socialisation and imprinting in brown leghorn chicks. Animal Behaviour 7:26–34. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Hafner, D. J. & Petersen, K. E. (1985) Song dialects and gene flow in the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophyrs nuttalli. Evolution, in press. [taMCB, RMZ]Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1964) The genetical theory of social behavior. Journal of Theoretical Biology 7:1–52. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Handford, P. & Nottebohm, F. (1976) Allozymic and morphological variation in population samples of rufous-collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis, in relation to vocal dialects. Evolution 30:802–17. [taMCB, FN]Google Scholar
Hardy, A. C. (1965) The living stream. Collins Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Harris, M. A. & Lemmon, R. E. (1972) Songs of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia): Individual variation and dialects. Canadian Journal of Zoology 50:301–9. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Harris, M. A. (1974) Songs of song sparrows: Reactions of males to songs of different localities. Condor 76:33–44. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Hartshorne, C. (1956) The monotony-threshold in singing birds. Auk 73:176–92. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Hartshorne, C. (1973) Born to sing. Indiana University Press. [REL]Google Scholar
Heath, J. (1978) Linguistic diffusion in Aruhem Land. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. [JHH]Google Scholar
Heinemann, D. (1981) Song dialects, migration and population structure of Puget Sound white-crowned sparrows. Auk 98:512–21. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Hershkovitz, P. (1984) Taxonomy of squirrel monkeys genus Saimiri (Cebidae, platyrrhini): A preliminary report with description of a hitherto unnamed form. American Journal of Primatology 6:257–312. [CTS]Google Scholar
Hill, J. H. (1974) Possible continuity theories of language. Language 50:131–50. [JHH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, J. H. (1978) Language contact systems and human adaptations. Journal of Anthropological Research 34:1–26. [rMCB, JHH]Google Scholar
Hodun, A., Snowdon, C. T. & Soini, P. (1981) Subspecific variation in the long call of the tamarin. Saguinus fuscicollis. Zeitschrift für Tierpysychologie 57:97–110. [CTS]Google Scholar
Holldobler, B. & Miehener, C. D. (1980) Mechanisms of identification and discrimination in social hymenoptera. In: Evolution of social behavior: Hypotheses and empirical tests, ed. Markl, H.. Verlag Chemie. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Holmes, W. G. & Sherman, P. W. (1982) The ontogeny of kin recognition in two species of ground squirrels. American Zoologist 22:491–517. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Hudson, R. A. (1980) Sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press. [JKC]Google Scholar
Hunter, M. L. Jr & Krebs, J. R. (1979) Geographical variation in the song of the great tit (Pants major) in relation to ecological factors. Journal of Animal Ecology 48:759–85. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Hymes, D. H. (1966) Two types of linguistic relativity. In: Sociolinguistics, ed. Bright, W.. Mouton. [rMCB, JHH]Google Scholar
Hymes, D. H. (1968) Linguistic problems in defining the concept of tribe. In: Essays on the problem of tribe, ed. Helm, J.. American Ethnological Society/University of Washington Press. [JHH]Google Scholar
Immelmann, K. (1969) Song development in the zebra finch and other estrildid finches. In: Bird vocalizations, ed. Hinde, R. A.. Cambridge University Press. [tarMCB, PJBS]Google Scholar
Immelmann, K. (1975) Ecological signifìcance of imprinting and early learning. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 6:15–37. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Jackson, J. E. (1974) Language identity of the Colombian Vaupcs Indians. In: Explorations in the ethnography of speaking, ed. Bauman, R. & Sherzen, J.. Cambridge University Press. [JHH]Google Scholar
Jackson, J. E. (1983) The fish people: Linguistic exogamy and Tukanoan identity in Northwest Amazonia. Cambridge University Press. [JHH]Google Scholar
Jenkins, P. F. (1978) Cultural transmission of song patterns and dialect development in a free-living bird population. Animal Behaviour 26:50–78. [taMCB, RWF, PFJ]Google Scholar
Jenkins, P. F. & Baker, A. J. (1984) Mechanisms of song differentiation in introduced populations of chaffìnches Fringilla coelebs in New Zealand. Ibis, in press. [PFJ]Google Scholar
Karlin, S. & Nevo, E., eds. (1976) Population genetics and ecology. Academic Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Kimura, M. & Ohta, T. (1971) Theoretical aspects of population genetics. Princeton University Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
King, A. P. & West, M. J. (1983a) Dissecting cowbird song potency: Assessing a song's geographic identity and relative appeal. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 63:37–50. [GG]Google Scholar
King, A. P. (1983b) Epigenesis of cowbird song: A joint endeavor of males and females. Nature 305:704–6. [MJW]Google Scholar
King, A. P., West, M. J. & Eastzer, D. H. (1980) Song structure and song development as potential contributors to reproductive isolation in cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 94:1028–39. [GG]Google Scholar
King, J. R. (1972) Variation in the song of the rufous-collard sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis, in northwestern Argentina. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 30:344–73. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Konishi, M. (1965) The role of auditory feedback in the control of vocalizations in the white-crowned sparrow. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 22:770–83. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Krebs, J. R. (1977) The significance of song repertoires: The Beau Geste hypothesis. Animal Behaviour 25:475–78. [REL]Google Scholar
Krebs, J. R., Ashcroft, R. & van Orsdol, K. (1981) Song matching in the great tit Parus major L. Animal Behaviour 29:918–23. [LFB]Google Scholar
Krebs, J. R. & Kroodsma, D. E. (1980) Repertoires and geographical variation in bird song. Advances in the Study of Behavior 11:143–77. [taMCB, PKM, PMW]Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1974) Song learning, dialects, and dispersal in the Bewick's wren. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 33:352–80. [taMCB, PFJ]Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1978) Aspects of learning in the ontogeny of bird song: Where, from whom, when, how many, which, and how accurately? In: Ontogeny of behavior, ed. Burghardt, C. & Beckoff, M.. Garland Publishing. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1982a) Learning and the ontogeny of sound signals in birds. In: Acoustic communication in birds, vol. 2, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H.. Academic Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1982b) Song repertoires: Problems in their definition and use. In: Acoustic communication in birds, vol. 2, ed. Kroodsma, D. E., Miller, E. H. & Ouellet, H.. Academic Press. [REL]Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1984) Songs of the alder flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) and willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) are innate. Auk 101:13–24. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E., Baker, M. C., Baptista, L. F. & Petrinovich, L. (1984) Vocal “dialects” in Nuttall's white-crowned sparrow. Current Ornithology 2:103–33. [tar.MCB, LFB, DEK, LP]Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. & Pickert, R. (1980) Environmentally dependent sensitive periods for avian vocal learning. Nature 288:477–79. [tarMCB]Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1984) Repertoire size, auditory templates, and selective vocal learning in songbirds. Animal Behaviour 32:395–99. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972a) Language in the inner city. University of Pennsylvania Press. [WMS]Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972b) Sociolinguistic patterns. University of Pennsylvania Press. [JKC, WMS]Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1980) The social origin of sound change. In: Language located in time. space, and society, ed. Labov, W.. Academic Press. [PCM]Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1982) Stratification of English in New York City. 3d printing, Center for Applied Linguistics. Behavioral Science Memo. [PCM]Google Scholar
Lack, D. & Southern, H. N. (1949) Birds of Tenerife. Ibis 91:607–26. [FN]Google Scholar
Lande, R. (1980) Genetic variation and phenotypic evolution during allopatric speciation. American Naturalist 116:463–79. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Lemon, R. E. (1966) Geographic variation in the song of cardinals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 44:413–28. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Lemon, R. E. (1967) The response of cardinals to songs of different dialects. Animal Behaviour 15:538–45. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Lemon, R. E. (1975) How birds develop song dialects. Condor 77:385–406. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Lenneberg, E. (1967) Biological foundations of language. Wiley. [JHH]Google Scholar
Levine, R. A. & Campbell, D. T. (1972) Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict. ethnic attitudes, and group behavior. Wiley. [WMS]Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. (1974) The genetic basis of evolutionary change. Columbia University Press. [tarMCB]Google Scholar
Livingstone, F. B. (1973) Did Australopitheeines sing? Current Anthropology 14:25–6. [JHH]Google Scholar
Lumsden, C. J. & Wilson, E. O. (1981) Genes, mind, and culture. Harvard University Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
McCracken, G. F. & Bradbury, J. W. (1977) Paternity and genetic heterogeneity in the polygynous bat, Phyllostomus hastatus. Science 198:303–6. [taMCB]Google Scholar
MacDonald, G. E. (1968) Imprinting: Drug-produced isolation and the sensitive period. Nature 217:1158–59. [taMCB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGregor, P. K. (1980) Song dialects in the corn bunting (Emberiza calandra). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 54:285–97. [taMCB]Google Scholar
McGregor, P. K. & Krebs, J. R. (1982) Song types in a population of great tits (Parus major): Their distribution, abundance and acquisition by individuals. Behaviour 79:126–52. [taMCB, PKM]Google Scholar
McGregor, P. K. & Krebs, J. R. (1984) Song learning and deceptive mimicry. Animal Behaviour 32:280–97. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1957) Specific distinctiveness in the communication signals of birds. Behaviour 2:13–19. [FN]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1960) Bird song and mate selection. In: Animal sounds and communication, ed. Lanyon, W. E. & Tavolga, W. N.. American Institute of Biological Sciences. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1970a) Birdsong and speech development: Could there be parallels? American Scientist 58:669–73. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1970b) A comparative approach to vocal learning: Song development in white-crowned sparrows. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology Monograph 71:1–25. [tarMCB, LFB, JHH, PFJ, LP, PJBS]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1976a) An ethiological theory of the origin of vocal learning. In: Origin and evolution of language and speech, ed. Hamad, S., Steklis, H. & Lancaster, J.. New York Academy of Sciences Annals 280. [JHH]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1976b) On animal aggression: The roles of strangeness and familiarity. American Psychologist 31:239–46. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Boatman, D. J. (1951) Observations on the birds of Pieo, Azores. Ibis 93:90–99. [FN]Google Scholar
Marler, P., Mundinger, P., Waser, M. S. & Lutjen, A. (1972) Effects of acoustical stimulation and deprivation on song development in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Animal Behaviour 20:586–606. [EAB]Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Peters, S. (1977) Selective vocal learning in a sparrow. Science 198:519–21. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Pickert, R. (1984) Species-universal microstructure in the learned song of the swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana). Animal Behaviour 32:673–89. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Sherman, V. (1983) Song structure without auditory feedback: Emendations of the auditory template hypothesis. Journal of Neuroscience 3:517–31. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Sherman, V. (in press) Innate differences in singing behaviour of sparrows reared in isolation from adult conspccifie song. Animal Behaviour. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Tamura, M. (1962) Song “dialects” in three populations of white-crowned sparrows. Condor 64:368–77. [tarMCB, PFJ]Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Sherman, V. (1964) Culturally transmitted patterns of vocal behavior in sparrows. Science 146:1483–86. [tcMCB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marten, K. & Marlcr, P. (1977) Sound transmission and its significance for animal vocalization. 1. Temperate habitats. Behavioral Ecology and Sociolnology 2:271–90. [FN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marten, K., Quinc, D. & Marler, P (1977) Sound transmission and its significance for animal vocalization. 2. Tropical forest habitats. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2:291–302. [FN]Google Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1982) Evolution and the theory of flames. Cambridge University Press. [WMS]Google Scholar
Mayr, E. (1963) Animal species and evolution. Harvard University Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Mayr, E.(1972) Sexual selection and natural selection. In: Sexual selection and the descent of man. ed. Campbell, B.. Aldine Publishing Co. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Miller, D. B. & Gottlieb, G. (1976) Acoustic features of wood duck (Aix sponsa) maternal calls. Behaviour 57:260–80. [GG]Google Scholar
Miller, D. B. & Gottlieb, G. (1978) Maternal vocalizations of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) Animal Behaviour 26:1178–91. [GG]Google Scholar
Miller, W. R. (1970) Western Shoshone dialects. In: Languages and cultures of western North America, ed. Swanson, E.. Idaho State University Press. [JHH]Google Scholar
Miller, W. R.(1971) Dialect differentiation in the Western Desert language. Anthropological Forum 3:61–78. [JHH]Google Scholar
Milligan, M. M. (1966) Vocal responses of white-crowned sparrows to recorded songs of their own and another species. Animal Behaviour 14:356–61. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Milligan, M. M. & Verncr, J. (1971) Inter-population song dialect discrimination in the white-crowned sparrow. Condor 73:208–13. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Milroy, L. (1980) Language and social networks. Blackwell. [JKC, RWF]Google Scholar
Moltz, H. & Stettner, L. J. (1961) The influence of patterned light deprivation on the critical period for imprinting, journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 54:279–83. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Moran, P. A. (1962) The statistical processes of evolutionary theory. Clarendon Press. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Morton, E. S. (1975) Ecological sources of selection on avian sounds. American Naturalist 109:17–34. [FN]Google Scholar
Mower, G. D., Christen, W. G. & Caplan, C. J. (1983) Very brief visual experience eliminates plasticity in the cat visual cortex. Science 221:178–80. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Mundinger, P. C. (1970) Vocal imitation and individual recognition of finch calls. Science 168:480–82. [taMCB, JKC]Google Scholar
Mundinger, P. C. (1975) Soug dialects and colonization in the house finch, Carpodacus mcxictinus, on the east coast. Condor 77:407–22. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Mundinger, P. C. (1980) Animal cultures and a general theory of cultural evolution. Ethology and Sociohiology 1:183–223. [taMCB, PCM]Google Scholar
Mundinger, P. C. (1982) Microgcographic and macrogeographic variation in the acquired vocalizations of birds. In: Acoustic communication in birds, vol. 2, ed. Kroodsma, D. E., Miller, E. H. & Ouellet, D.. Academic Press. [tarMCB, REL, PCM, PJBS]Google Scholar
Nagylaki, T. (1976) Clines with variable migration. Genetics 83:867–86. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Nei, M. (1978) Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89:583–90. [RMZ]Google Scholar
Nelson, K. & Hedgccock, D. (1980) Enzyme polymorphism and adaptive strategy in the decapod Crustacea. American Naturalist 116:238–80. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Nevo, E. (1978) Genetic variation in natural populations: Patterns and theory. Theoretical Population Biology 13:121–77. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Newman, J. D. & Synimes, D. (1982) Inheritance and experience in the acquisition of primate acoustic behavior. In: Primate communication, ed. Snowdon, C. T., Brown, C. H. & Petersen, M. R.. Cambridge University Press. [CTS]Google Scholar
Nicolai, J. (1959) Familientradition in der Gesangsentwicklung des Gimpels (Pyrrhula pyrrhula L.). Journal für Ornitlmlogic 100:39–46. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Nicolai, J. (1964) Der Brutparasitismus der Viduinae als ethologisches Problem. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 21:129–204. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Nicolai, J. (1967) Rassen-und Artbildung in der Viduinengattung Hypochera. Journal für Ornithologie 108:309–19. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1969a) The “critical period” for song learning. Ibis 111:386–87. [taMCB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1969b) The song of the chingolo, Zonotrichia capensis, in Argentina: Description and evaluation of a system of dialects. Condor 71:299–315. [ItarMCB]Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1970) Ontogeny of bird song. Science 167:950–56. [JKC, JHH]Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1972) The origins of vocal learning. American Naturalist 106:116–40. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1975) Continental patterns of song variability in Zonotrichia capensis: Some possible ecological correlates. American Naturalist 109:605–24. [taMCB, FN, RMZ]Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1981) A brain for all seasons: Cyclical anatomical changes in song control nuclei of the canary brain. Science 214:1368–70. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. & Arnold, A. P. (1976) Sexual dimorphism in vocal control areas of the songbird brain. Science 194:211–13. [taMCU]Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. & Selander, R. K. (1972) Vocal dialects and gene frequencies in the chingolo sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis). Condor 74:137–43. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Owen, R. (1965) The patrilocal band: A linguistically and culturally hybrid social unit. American Anthropologist 67:675–90. [JHH]Google Scholar
Parsons, J. & Baptista, L. F. (1980) Crown color and dominance in the whitecrowned sparrow. Auk 97:807–15. [LFB]Google Scholar
Patterson, T. L. & Petrinovicb, L. (1979) Field studies of habituation: 2. The effect of massed stimulus presentation. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 93:351–59. [LP]Google Scholar
Payne, R. B. (1973) Behavior, mimetic songs and song dialects, and relationships of the parasitic indigobirds (Vidua) of Africa. Ornithological Monograph 11. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Payne, R. B. (1976) Song mimiery and species relationships among the West African pale winged indigobirds. Auk 93:25–38. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Payne, R. B. (1978) Microgcographic variation in songs of splendid sunbirds Ncctarinia coccinigaster: Population phenetics, habitats, and song dialects. Behaviour 65:282–308. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Payne, R. B. (1981a) Population structure and social behavior: Models for testing the ecological significance of song dialects in birds. In: Natural selection and social behavior: Recent research and new theory, ed. Alexander, R. D. & Tinkle, D. W.. Chiron Press. [tarMCB, LFB, PKM, LP, WMS, RMZ]Google Scholar
Payne, R. B. (1981b) Song learning and social interaction in indigo buntings. Animal Behaviour 29:688–97. [taMCB, PF], REL. WMS]Google Scholar
Payne, R. B. (1982) Ecological consequences of song matching: Breeding success and intraspecific song mimicry in indigo buntings. Ecology 63:401–11. [taMCB, WMS]Google Scholar
Payne, R. B. (1983a) Bird songs, sexual selection, and female mating strategies. In: Social behavior of female vertebrates, ed. Wasser, S. K.. Academie Press. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Payne, R. B. (1983b) The social context of song mimicry: Song matching dialects in indigo buntings (Passcrina cyanea). Animal Behaviour 31:788–805. [PKM]Google Scholar
Payne, R. B., Thompson, W. L., Fiala, K. L. & Sweany, L. L. (1981) Local song traditions in indigo buntings: Cultural transmission of behavior patterns across generations. Behaviour 77:199–221. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L. (1973) A species-meaningful analysis of habituation. In: Habituation: Behavioral processes, ed. Peeke, H. V. S. & Hera, M. J.. Academic Press. [LP]Google Scholar
Petrinovicb, L. & Baptista, L. F. (1984) Song dialects, mate selection, and breeding success in white-crowned sparrows. Animal Behaviour, in press. [LFB, REL]Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L. & Patterson, T. L. (1979) Field studies of habituation: I. The effects of reproductive condition, number of trials, and different delay intervals on the responses of the white-crowned sparrow. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 93:337–50. [LP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petrinovich, L. & Patterson, T. L. (1980) Field studies of habituation: 3. Playback contingent on the response of the white-crowned sparrow. Animal Behaviour 28:742–51. [LP]Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L. & Patterson, T. L. (1981a) Field studies of habituation: 4. Sensitization as a function of the distribution and novelty of song playback to white-crowned sparrows. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 95:805–12.[LP]Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L. & Patterson, T. L. (1981b) The responses of white-crowned sparrows to songs of different dialects and subspecies. Zcitsclirift für Tierpsychologie 57:1–14. [taMCB, EAB, PKM, LP]Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L. & Patterson, T. L. (1982a) Field studies of habituation: 5. Evidence for a two-factor, dual-process system. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 96:284–96. [LP]Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L. & Patterson, T. L. (1982b) The white-crowned sparrow: Stability, recruitment, and population structure in the Nuttall subspecies (1975–1980). Auk 99:1–14. [rMCB, LFB, LP]Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L. & Patterson, T. L. (1983) The white-crowned sparrow: Reproductive success (1975–1980). Auk 100:811–25. [LP]Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L., Patterson, T. L. & Baptista, L. F. (1981) Song dialects as barriers to dispersal: A re-evaluation. Evolution 35:180–88. [tarMCB, EAB, PKM, LP]Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L., Patterson, T. L. & Peeke, H. V. S. (1976) Reproductive condition and the response of white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli) to song. Science 191:206–7. [LP]Google Scholar
Poulsen, H. (1951) Inheritance and learning in the song of the chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L.). Behaviour 3:216–27. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Powell, J. R. (1975) Protein variation in natural populations of animals. In: Evolutionary biology, vol. 8, ed. Dobzhansky, T., Heeht, M. K. & Steere, W. C.. Plenum Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Price, P. H. (1979) Developmental determinants of structure in zebra (inchsong. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 93:200–77. [taMCB. MJW]Google Scholar
Rice, J. O. & Thompson, W. L. (1908) Song development in the indigo hunting. Animal Behaviour 10:402–09. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Rich, T. (1981) Microgeographie variation in the song of the sage sparrow. Condor 83:113–19. [tarMCB. CG]Google Scholar
Rigshy, B. (1980) Land, language and people in the Princess Charlotte Bay area. In: Contemporary Cape York Peninsula, ed. Stevens, N. C. & Bailey, A.. Royal Society of Queensland. [JHH]Google Scholar
Rohwer, S. (1982) The evolution of reliable and unreliable badges of fighting ability. American Zoologist 22:531–40. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Sankoff, G. (1970) Mutual intelligibility, bilingualisrn, and linguistic boundaries. In: International days of social ingutstics. Instituto Luigi Sturzo, Rome. [JHH]Google Scholar
Searcy, W. A. & Marler, P. (1981) A test for responsiveness to song structure and programming in female sparrows. Science 213:920–28. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Sherman, P. W. (1981) Electrophoresis and avian genealogical analysis. Auk 98:419–22. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Shields, W. M. (1982) Philopatry, inbreeding, and the evolution of sex. State University of New York Press. [tarMCB, RMZ]Google Scholar
Shields, W. M. (1983) Optimal inbreeding and the evolution of philopatry. In: The ecology of animal movement, ed. Swingland, I. R. & Greenwood, P. J.. Clarendon Press. [WMS]Google Scholar
Short, L. L. Jr (1909) Taxonomic aspects of avian hybridization. Auk 80:84–105. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Sibley, C. G. (1950) Species formation in the red-eyed towhees of Mexico. University of California Publications in Zoology 50:109–94. University of California Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Sibley, C. G. (1954) Hybridization in the red-eyed towhees of Mexico. Evolution 8:252–90. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Sibley, C. G. (1961) Hybridization and isolating mechanisms. In: Vertebrate speciation, ed. Blair, W. F.. University of Texas Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Sibley, C. G. & Short, L. L.. Jr. (1959) Hybridization in the buntings (Passerina) of the Great Plains. Auk 76:443–63. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Sibley, C. G. & Sibley, F. C. (1964) Hybridization in the red-eyed towhees of Mexico: The populations of the southeastern plateau region. Auk 81:479–504. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Sibley, C. G. & West, D. A. (1958) Hybridization in the red-eyed towhees of Mexico: The eastern plateau populations. Condor 60:85–104. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Slater, P. J. B. (1983) Bird song learning: Theme and variations. In: Perspectives in ornithology, ed. Brush, A. H. & Clark, G. A.. Cambridge University Press. [PJBS]Google Scholar
Slater, P. J. B., Clements, F. A. & Goodfellow, D. J. (1984) Local and regional variations in chaffinch song and the question of dialects. Behaviour 88:76–97. [PJBS]Google Scholar
Slater, P. J. B. & luce, S. A. (1979) Cultural evolution in chaffinch song. Behaviour 71:146–66. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Slater, P. J. B., Ince, S. A. & Colgan, P. W. (1980) Chaffinch song types: Their frequencies in the population and distribution between the repertoires of different individuals. Behaviour 71:146–66. [PJBS]Google Scholar
Slatkin, M. (1973) Gene flow and selection in a dine. Genetics 75:733–56. [taMCB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slatkin, M. (1976) The rate of spread of an advantageous allele in a subdivided population. In: Population genetics and ecology, ed. Karlin, S. & Nevo, E.. Academie Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Slatkin, M.(1984) Rare alleles as indicators of gene flow. Evolution, in press. [RMZ]Google Scholar
Slut-kin, W. & Salzen, E. A. (1961) Imprinting and perceptual learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 13:65–77. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Smith, F. V. & Nott, K. H. (1970) The “critical period” in relation to the strength of the stimulus. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologic 27:108–15. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Smith, W. J. (1965) Message, meaning, and context in ethology. American Naturalist 99:405–9. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Smith, W. J. (1968) Message-meaning analysis. ln: Animal communication, ed. Sebeok, T. A.. Indiana University Press. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Smith, W. J. (1969) Messages of vertebrate communication. Science 165:145–50. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Snowdon, C. T.Coe, C. L. & Hodun, A. (in preparation) Population-specific recognition of isolation peeps in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri). [CTS]Google Scholar
Sorenson, A. (1967) Multilingualism in the northwest Amazon. American Anthropologist 69:672–84. [JHH]Google Scholar
Sossinka, R. & Bohner, J. (1980) Song types in the zebra finch Poephila guttata castanotis. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologic 53:123–32. [LFB]Google Scholar
Spielman, R. S., Migliazza, E. C. & Neel, J. V. (1974) Regional linguistics and genetic differences among Vanomama Indians. Science 184:637–44. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Sullivan, G. A. (1976) Song of the finch Lagonostictu senegala: Interspecific mimicry by its brood-parasite Vidua chalyheata and the role of song in the host's social context. Animal Behaviour 24:880–88. [LFB]Google Scholar
Sutton, P. & Rigshy, B. (1979) Linguistic communities and social networks on Cape York Peninsula. In: Australian linguistic studies, ed. Wurm, S. A.. Pacific Linguistics Series C, no. 54. [JHH]Google Scholar
Templcton, A. R. (1980a) Modes of speciation and inferences based on genetic distances. Evolution 34:719–29. [RMZ]Google Scholar
Templcton, A. R. (1980b) The theory of speciation via the founder principle. Genetics 94:1011–38. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Thieleke, G. (1965) Gesangsgeorgraphische Variation des Cartcuhaumlaufcr (Certhia brachydactyla) im Hinblick auf das Artbildnngsproblem. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologic 22:542–66. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Thieleke, G. (1969) Geographic variation in bird vocalizations. In: Bird vocalizations, ed. Hinde, R. A.. Cambridge University Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Thieleke, G. (1970) Die sozialeu Funktionen der Vogelstiinmen. Vogclwarte 25:204–29. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Thieleke, G. (1976) Bird sounds. University of Michigan Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Thorington, R. W Jr (in press) The taxonomy and distribution of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri). In: Handbook of squirrel monkey research, ed. Rosenblum, L. A. & Coe, C. L.. Plenum Press. [CTS]Google Scholar
Thorpe, W. H. (1954) The process of song-learning in (he chaffineh as studied by means of the sound spectrograph. Nature 173:465–69. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Thorpe, W. H. (1958a) Further studies on the process of song learuing; in the chaffiueh (Fringilla coclebs gengleri). Nature 182:554–57. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Thorpe, W. H. (1958b) The learning of song patterns by birds with especial reference to the song of the chaffinch Fringilla coclebs. Ibis 100:535–70. [taMCB, LFB]Google Scholar
Timberlake, W. (1983) The functional organization of appetitive behavior: Behavior systems and learning. Advances in Analysis of Behaviour 3:177–221. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Todt, D., Hultsch, H. & Hcike, D. (1979) Conditions affecting song acquisition in nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos L.). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 51:23–35. [taMCB, MJW]Google Scholar
Tomback, D. F. & Baker, M. G. (1984) Associative mating by white-crowned sparrows at song dialect boundaries. Animal Behaviour 32:465–69. [taMCB, LFB, PJG, PFJ]Google Scholar
Tomback, D. F., Thompson, D. B. & Baker, M. C. (1983) Dialect discrimination by white-crowned sparrows: Reactions to near and distant dialeets. Auk 100:452–60. [tarMCB, EAB]Google Scholar
Trainer, J. M. (1983) Changes in song dialect distributions and microgeographic variation in song of white-crowned sparrows Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli). Auk 100:568–82. [tarMCB]Google Scholar
Treisinan, M. (1977) The evolutionary restriction of aggression within a species: A game theory analysis, journal of Mathematical Psychology 16:167–203. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Treisinan, M. (1978) Bird song dialects, repertoire size, and kin association. Animal Behaviour 26:814–17. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Treisinan, M. (1980) Some difficulties in testing explanations for the occurrence of bird song dialects. Animal Behaviour 28:311–12. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. (1972) Sex, covert prestige and linguistic change in the urban British English of Norwich. Language and Society 1:179–95. [RWF]Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. (1981) Linguistic accommodation: Sociolinguistic observations on a soeiopsyehologieal theory. In: Papers from the parascssion on language and behavior, ed. Masek, C. S., Hendriek, R. A. & Miller, M. F.. Chicago Linguistic Society. [J K G]Google Scholar
Turner, M. E., Stephens, J. C. & Anderson, W. W. (1982) Homozygosity and patch structure in plant populations as a result of nearest-neighbor pollination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 79:203–7. [PMW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
West, M. J. & King, A. P. (1980) Enriching eowbird song by social deprivation. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 94:263–70. [MJW]Google Scholar
West, M. J., King, A. P. & Harroeks, T. H. (1983) Cultural transmission of eowbird song: Measuring its development and outcome. Journal of Comparative Psychology 97:327–37. [MJW]Google Scholar
White, M. J. D. (1978) Modes of speciation. W. H. Freeman and Co. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Wiens, J. A. (1982) Song pattern variation in the sage sparrow (Amphispiza belli): Dialects or epiphenomena? Auk 99:208–29. [taMCB, GG, PMW, RMZ]Google Scholar
Wiley, R. H. & Richards, D. G. (1983) Adaptations for acoustic communication in birds: Sound transmission and signal detection. In: Acoustic communicatum in birtls. vol. 2, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H.. Academic Press. [FN]Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1966) Adaptation and natural selection. Princeton Uuiversity Press. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Wills, C. (1980) Genetic variability. Oxford University Press. [rMCB]Google Scholar
Winter, P. (1969) Dialects in squirrel monkeys: Vocalizations of the Roman Areh type. Folia Primatologia 10:216–29. [CTS]Google Scholar
Wolff, H. (1959) Language intelligibility and interethnie attitudes. Anthropological Linguistics 1:34–41. [JHH]Google Scholar
Wolfram, W. & Fasold, R. W. (1974) The study of social dialects in American English. Prentice-Hall. [JKC]Google Scholar
Wright, S. (1932) The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding and selection in evolution. Proceedings of the XI International Congress of Cenetics 1:356–66. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Wright, S. (1967) “Surfaces” of selective value. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 58: 165–72. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Wright, S. (1978) Evolution and the genetics of populations, vol. 4: Variability within and among natural populations. University of Chicago Press. [tarMCB. RMZ]Google Scholar
Wyles, J. S., Kunkel, J. C. & Wilson, A. C. (1983) Birds, behavior, and anatomical evolution. Proceedings of the Sational Academy of Scie Sciences 8:4394–97. [taMCB]Google Scholar
Yasukawa, K., Blank, J. L. & Patterson, C. B. (1980) Song repertoires and sexual selection in the red-winged blackbird. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 7:233–38. [EAB]Google Scholar
Zink, R. M. & Barrowelough, G. F. (1984) Allozymes and song dialects: Areassessment. Evolution 38:444–48. [tarMCB, RMZ]Google Scholar