This chapter explores the formation and dynamics of virtual communities, encompassing participant interaction, identity, and online knowledge-sharing. It examines how digital platforms facilitate community building and self-expression, as well as the convergence around diverse topics. The interplay between institutional and noninstitutional discourse, particularly concerning legitimacy and authority in knowledge dissemination, is also scrutinized. Various forms of online communities are explored, ranging from ephemeral affinity spaces to established communities of practice, illustrating the evolving nature of communication and expertise in digital contexts.

The discussion further examines participant behavior and identity formation online, driven by motivations such as self-expression and recognition. These behaviors shape online identities and community dynamics, with some users engaging in disruptive activities such as trolling. Moreover, the chapter examines the impact of AI technologies on identities and roles, often perpetuating societal biases in their outputs. For instance, MidJourney tends to generate images of businesspeople or successful individuals predominantly featuring white men, thereby underrepresenting women and minorities. This bias not only reflects but also reinforces existing societal prejudices, influencing users’ perceptions and learning experiences.