Zada, G, Liu, C, Apuzzo, ML. “Through the looking glass”: optical physics, issues, and the evolution of neuroendoscopy. World Neurosurgery. 2013;79(2 Suppl):S3–13.10.1016/j.wneu.2013.02.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Doglietto, F, Prevedello, DM, Jane, JA, Jr., Han, J, Laws, ER, Jr. Brief history of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery – from Philipp Bozzini to the First World Congress of Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery. Neurosurgical Focus. 2005;19(6):E3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brown, RA. A computerized tomography-computer graphics approach to stereotaxic localization. Journal of Neurosurgery. 1979;50(6):715–20.10.3171/jns.1979.50.6.0715CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Watanabe, E, Mayanagi, Y, Kosugi, Y, Manaka, S, Takakura, K. Open surgery assisted by the neuronavigator, a stereotactic, articulated, sensitive arm. Neurosurgery. 1991;28(6):792–9; discussion 9–800.10.1227/00006123-199106000-00002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Alexander, E, 3rd, Kooy, HM, van Herk, M, Schwartz, M, Barnes, PD, Tarbell, N, et al. Magnetic resonance image-directed stereotactic neurosurgery: Use of image fusion with computerized tomography to enhance spatial accuracy. Journal of Neurosurgery. 1995;83(2):271–6.10.3171/jns.1995.83.2.0271CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Roberts, DW, Strohbehn, JW, Hatch, JF, Murray, W, Kettenberger, H. A frameless stereotaxic integration of computerized tomographic imaging and the operating microscope. Journal of Neurosurgery. 1986;65(4):545–9.10.3171/jns.1986.65.4.0545CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hoh, DJ, Liu, CY, Pagnini, PG, Yu, C, Wang, MY, Apuzzo, ML. Chained lightning, part I: Exploitation of energy and radiobiological principles for therapeutic purposes. Neurosurgery. 2007;61(1):14–27; discussion –8.10.1227/01.neu.0000279720.83026.49CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hoh, DJ, Liu, CY, Chen, JC, Pagnini, PG, Yu, C, Wang, MY, et al. Chained lightning, part II: Neurosurgical principles, radiosurgical technology, and the manipulation of energy beam delivery. Neurosurgery. 2007;61(3):433–46; discussion 46.10.1227/01.NEU.0000290888.54578.F5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Barnett, GH, Linskey, ME, Adler, JR, Cozzens, JW, Friedman, WA, Heilbrun, MP, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery – an organized neurosurgery-sanctioned definition. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2007;106(1):1–5.10.3171/jns.2007.106.1.1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Pelz, DM, Lownie, SP, Mayich, MS, Pandey, SK, Sharma, M. Interventional neuroradiology: a review. Canadian Journal of Neurological Science. 2021;48(2):172–88.Google ScholarPubMed

Yaeger, K, Mocco, J. Future directions of endovascular neurosurgery. Neurosurgery Clinics North America. 2022;33(2):233–9.10.1016/j.nec.2021.11.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Al Saiegh, F, Munoz, A, Velagapudi, L, Theofanis, T, Suryadevara, N, Patel, P, et al. Patient and procedure selection for mechanical thrombectomy: Toward personalized medicine and the role of artificial intelligence. Journal of Neuroimaging. 2022;32(5):798–807.10.1111/jon.13003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Martinez-Gutierrez, JC, Leslie-Mazwi, T, Chandra, RV, Ong, KL, Nogueira, RG, Goyal, M, et al. Number needed to treat: A primer for neurointerventionalists. Interventional Neuroradiology. 2019;25(6):613–8.10.1177/1591019919858733CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lindgren, A, Vergouwen, MD, van der Schaaf, I, Algra, A, Wermer, M, Clarke, MJ, et al. Endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping for people with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2018;8(8):CD003085.Google ScholarPubMed

Fiorella, D, Molyneux, A, Coon, A, Szikora, I, Saatci, I, Baltacioglu, F, et al. Safety and effectiveness of the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) system for the treatment of wide necked bifurcation aneurysms: final 5 year results of the pivotal WEB Intra-saccular Therapy study (WEB-IT). Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2023:jnis-2023–020611.10.1136/jnis-2023-020611CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Medvid, R, Ruiz, A, Komotar, RJ, Jagid, JR, Ivan, ME, Quencer, RM, et al. Current applications of MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy in the treatment of brain neoplasms and epilepsy: A radiologic and neurosurgical overview. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2015;36(11):1998–2006.10.3174/ajnr.A4362CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McAfee, PC, Phillips, FM, Andersson, G, Buvenenadran, A, Kim, CW, Lauryssen, C, et al. Minimally invasive spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010;35(26 Suppl):S271–3.10.1097/BRS.0b013e31820250a2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hsieh, PC, Koski, TR, Sciubba, DM, Moller, DJ, O’Shaughnessy, BA, Li, KW, et al. Maximizing the potential of minimally invasive spine surgery in complex spinal disorders. Neurosurgical Focus. 2008;25(2):E19.10.3171/FOC/2008/25/8/E19CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Foley, KT, Holly, LT, Schwender, JD. Minimally invasive lumbar fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003;28(15 Suppl):S26–35.10.1097/01.BRS.0000076895.52418.5ECrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kwon, H, Park, JY. The role and future of endoscopic spine surgery: A narrative review. Neurospine. 2023;20(1):43–55.10.14245/ns.2346236.118CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lylyk, P, Lylyk, I, Bleise, C, Scrivano, E, Lylyk, PN, Beneduce, B, et al. First-in-human endovascular treatment of hydrocephalus with a miniature biomimetic transdural shunt. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2022;14(5):495–9.10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-018136CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mitchell, P, Lee, SCM, Yoo, PE, Morokoff, A, Sharma, RP, Williams, DL, et al. Assessment of safety of a fully implanted endovascular brain-computer interface for severe paralysis in 4 patients: The Stentrode With Thought-Controlled Digital Switch (SWITCH) Study. JAMA Neurology. 2023;80(3):270–8.10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4847CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abbasi, J, Suran, M. From thought to text: How an endovascular brain-computer interface could help patients with severe paralysis communicate. JAMA. 2023;329(5):360–2.10.1001/jama.2022.24343CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Thielen, B, Xu, H, Fujii, T, Rangwala, SD, Jiang, W, Lin, M, et al. Making a case for endovascular approaches for neural recording and stimulation. Journal of Neural Engineering. 2023;20(1):011001.10.1088/1741-2552/acb086CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lev-Tov, L, Barbosa, DAN, Ghanouni, P, Halpern, CH, Buch, VP. Focused ultrasound for functional neurosurgery. Journal of Neuro-oncology. 2022;156(1):17–22.10.1007/s11060-021-03818-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Quadri, SA, Waqas, M, Khan, I, Khan, MA, Suriya, SS, Farooqui, M, et al. High-intensity focused ultrasound: past, present, and future in neurosurgery. Neurosurgical Focus. 2018;44(2):E16.10.3171/2017.11.FOCUS17610CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Stupp, R, Mason, WP, van den Bent, MJ, Weller, M, Fisher, B, Taphoorn, MJ, et al. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005;352(10):987–96.10.1056/NEJMoa043330CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Liau, LM, Ashkan, K, Brem, S, Campian, JL, Trusheim, JE, Iwamoto, FM, et al. Association of autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccination with extension of survival among patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 3 prospective externally controlled cohort trial. JAMA Oncology. 2023;9(1):112–21.10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.5370CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wen, PY, Stein, A, van den Bent, M, De Greve, J, Wick, A, de Vos, F, et al. Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-mutant low-grade and high-grade glioma (ROAR): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2, basket trial. The Lancet Oncology. 2022;23(1):53–64.10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00578-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Thompson, L., Fetal transplants show promise. Science 257, 868, 870 (1992).10.1126/science.1502548CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Institute of Medicine (US) Conference Committee on Fetal Research and Applications, Fetal Research and Applications: A Conference Summary (National Academies Press (US), Washington (DC), 1994; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK232011/).Google Scholar

Liu, C. Y., Apuzzo, M. L. J., Tirrell, D. A., Engineering of the extracellular matrix: working toward neural stem cell programming and neurorestoration – concept and progress report. Neurosurgery 52, 1154 (2003).Google ScholarPubMed

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012, The Nobel Prize. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/press-release/.Google Scholar

Wadman, M., Stem cells ready for prime time. Nature 457, 516 (2009).10.1038/457516aCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McKenna, S. L., Ehsanian, R., Liu, C. Y., Steinberg, G. K., Jones, L., Lebkowski, J. S., Wirth, E., Fessler, R. G., Ten-year safety of pluripotent stem cell transplantation in acute thoracic spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg Spine 37, 321–30 (2022).10.3171/2021.12.SPINE21622CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fessler, R. G., Liu, C. Y., McKenna, S., Fessler, R. D., Lebkowski, J. S., Priest, C. A., Wirth, E. D., Safety of direct injection of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into the spinal cord of uninjured Göttingen minipigs. J Neurosurg Spine 35, 389–97 (2021).10.3171/2020.12.SPINE201853CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fessler, R. G., Ehsanian, R., Liu, C. Y., Steinberg, G. K., Jones, L., Lebkowski, J. S., Wirth, E. D., McKenna, S. L., A phase 1/2a dose-escalation study of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in individuals with subacute cervical spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg Spine 37, 812–20 (2022).10.3171/2022.5.SPINE22167CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bourzac, K., Neuroscience: new nerves for old. Nature 540, S52–4 (2016).10.1038/540S52aCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Regalado, A., After 25 years of hype, embryonic stem cells are still waiting for their moment, MIT Technology Review (2023). https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/08/09/1077580/embryonic-stem-cells-25-years-treatments/.Google Scholar

Maynard, G., Kannan, R., Liu, J., Wang, W., Lam, T. K. T., Wang, X., Adamson, C., Hackett, C., Schwab, J. M., Liu, C., Leslie, D. P., Chen, D., Marino, R., Zafonte, R., Flanders, A., Block, G., Smith, E., Strittmatter, S. M., Soluble Nogo-Receptor-Fc decoy (AXER-204) in patients with chronic cervical spinal cord injury in the USA: a first-in-human and randomised clinical trial. Lancet Neurol 22, 672–84 (2023).10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00215-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hsiao, M.-C., Yu, P.-N., Song, D., Liu, C. Y., Heck, C. N., Millett, D., Berger, T. W., An in vitro seizure model from human hippocampal slices using multi-electrode arrays. J Neurosci Methods 244, 154–63 (2015).10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.09.010CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ammothumkandy, A., Ravina, K., Wolseley, V., Tartt, A. N., Yu, P.-N., Corona, L., Zhang, N., Nune, G., Kalayjian, L., Mann, J. J., Rosoklija, G. B., Arango, V., Dwork, A. J., Lee, B., a. D. Smith, J., Song, D., Berger, T. W., Heck, C., Chow, R. H., Boldrini, M., Liu, C. Y., Russin, J. J., Bonaguidi, M. A., Altered adult neurogenesis and gliogenesis in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Nat Neurosci 25, 493–503 (2022).10.1038/s41593-022-01044-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hurley, D., Immature astroglia in the hippocampus linked to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology Today 22, 12 (2022).10.1097/01.NT.0000833140.99511.f6CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ammothumkandy, A., Corona, L., Ravina, K., Wolseley, V., Nelson, J., Atai, N., Abedi, A., Jimenez, N., Armacost, M., D’Orazio, L. M., Zuverza-Chavarria, V., Cayce, A., McCleary, C., Nune, G., Kalayjian, L., Lee, D., Lee, B., Heck, C., Chow, R. H., Russin, J. J., Liu, C. Y., Smith, J. A. D., Bonaguidi, M. A., Human adult neurogenesis loss underlies cognitive decline during epilepsy progression. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2023). https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.12.507339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bershteyn, M., Bröer, S., Parekh, M., Maury, Y., Havlicek, S., Kriks, S., Fuentealba, L., Lee, S., Zhou, R., Subramanyam, G., Sezan, M., Sevilla, E. S., Blankenberger, W., Spatazza, J., Zhou, L., Nethercott, H., Traver, D., Hampel, P., Kim, H., Watson, M., Salter, N., Nesterova, A., Au, W., Kriegstein, A., Alvarez-Buylla, A., Rubenstein, J., Banik, G., Bulfone, A., Priest, C., Nicholas, C. R., Human pallial MGE-type GABAergic interneuron cell therapy for chronic focal epilepsy. Cell Stem Cell 30, 1331–50.e11 (2023).10.1016/j.stem.2023.08.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Newswire, Globe, Neurona Therapeutics Presents Positive Clinical Update from NRTX-1001 Cell Therapy Trial in Adults with Drug-resistant Focal Epilepsy at American Academy of Neurology (AAN) 2024 Annual Meeting, BioSpace (2024). https://www.biospace.com/article/neurona-therapeutics-presents-positive-clinical-update-from-nrtx-1001-cell-therapy-trial-in-adults-with-drug-resistant-focal-epilepsy-at-american-academy-of-neurology-aan-2024-annual-meeting/.Google Scholar

Fairhall, A., Liu, C., Short Course: Neural Prosthetics and Brain Machine Interfaces (2019). https://www.sfn.org/-/media/SfN/Documents/NEW-SfN/Careers/2019-Short-Courses/20190911_2019_SC1_Agenda_Final.pdf.Google Scholar

Hochberg, L. R., Serruya, M. D., Friehs, G. M., Mukand, J. A., Saleh, M., Caplan, A. H., Branner, A., Chen, D., Penn, R. D., Donoghue, J. P., Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia. Nature 442, 164–71 (2006).10.1038/nature04970CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Katyal, K. D., Johannes, M. S., Kellis, S., Aflalo, T., Klaes, C., McGee, T. G., Para, M. P., Shi, Y., Lee, B., Pejsa, K., Liu, C., Wester, B. A., Tenore, F., Beaty, J. D., Ravitz, A. D., Andersen, R. A., McLoughlin, M. P., A collaborative BCI approach to autonomous control of a prosthetic limb system, in 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) (2014), https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6974124), pp. 1479–82.Google Scholar

Collinger, J. L., Wodlinger, B., Downey, J. E., Wang, W., Tyler-Kabara, E. C., Weber, D. J., McMorland, A. J. C., Velliste, M., Boninger, M. L., Schwartz, A. B., High-performance neuroprosthetic control by an individual with tetraplegia. Lancet 381, 557–64 (2013).10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61816-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klaes, C., Kellis, S., Aflalo, T., Lee, B., Pejsa, K., Shanfield, K., Hayes-Jackson, S., Aisen, M., Heck, C., Liu, C., Andersen, R. A., Hand shape representations in the human posterior parietal cortex. J. Neurosci. 35, 15466–76 (2015).10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2747-15.2015CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bouton, C. E., Shaikhouni, A., Annetta, N. V., Bockbrader, M. A., Friedenberg, D. A., Nielson, D. M., Sharma, G., Sederberg, P. B., Glenn, B. C., Mysiw, W. J., Morgan, A. G., Deogaonkar, M., Rezai, A. R., Restoring cortical control of functional movement in a human with quadriplegia. Nature 533, 247–50 (2016).10.1038/nature17435CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ajiboye, A. B., Willett, F. R., Young, D. R., Memberg, W. D., Murphy, B. A., Miller, J. P., Walter, B. L., Sweet, J. A., Hoyen, H. A., Keith, M. W., Peckham, P. H., Simeral, J. D., Donoghue, J. P., Hochberg, L. R., Kirsch, R. F., Restoration of reaching and grasping movements through brain-controlled muscle stimulation in a person with tetraplegia: a proof-of-concept demonstration. The Lancet 389, 1821–30 (2017).10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30601-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Musk, E., Neuralink, , An integrated brain-machine interface platform with thousands of channels. J Med Internet Res 21, e16194 (2019).10.2196/16194CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Flesher, S. N., Collinger, J. L., Foldes, S. T., Weiss, J. M., Downey, J. E., Tyler-Kabara, E. C., Bensmaia, S. J., Schwartz, A. B., Boninger, M. L., Gaunt, R. A., Intracortical microstimulation of human somatosensory cortex. Sci Transl Med 8, 361ra141 (2016).10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf8083CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Armenta Salas, M., Bashford, L., Kellis, S., Jafari, M., Jo, H., Kramer, D., Shanfield, K., Pejsa, K., Lee, B., Liu, C. Y., Andersen, R. A., Proprioceptive and cutaneous sensations in humans elicited by intracortical microstimulation. Elife 7, e32904 (2018).10.7554/eLife.32904CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bashford, L., Rosenthal, I., Kellis, S., Pejsa, K., Kramer, D., Lee, B., Liu, C., Andersen, R. A., The neurophysiological representation of imagined somatosensory percepts in human cortex. J Neurosci 41, 2177–85 (2021).10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2460-20.2021CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lee, B., Kramer, D., Armenta Salas, M., Kellis, S., Brown, D., Dobreva, T., Klaes, C., Heck, C., Liu, C., Andersen, R. A., Engineering artificial somatosensation through cortical stimulation in humans. Front Syst Neurosci 12, 24 (2018).10.3389/fnsys.2018.00024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McCrimmon, C. M., Wang, P. T., Heydari, P., Nguyen, A., Shaw, S. J., Gong, H., Chui, L. A., Liu, C. Y., Nenadic, Z., Do, A. H., Electrocorticographic encoding of human gait in the leg primary motor cortex. Cereb Cortex 28, 2752–62 (2018).10.1093/cercor/bhx155CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Pu, H., Lim, J., Kellis, S., Liu, C. Y., Andersen, R. A., Do, A. H., Heydari, P., Nenadic, Z., Optimal artifact suppression in simultaneous electrocorticography stimulation and recording for bi-directional brain-computer interface applications. J Neural Eng 17, 026038 (2020).10.1088/1741-2552/ab82acCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Harkema, S., Gerasimenko, Y., Hodes, J., Burdick, J., Angeli, C., Chen, Y., Ferreira, C., Willhite, A., Rejc, E., Grossman, R. G., Edgerton, V. R., Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: a case study. Lancet 377, 1938–47 (2011).10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60547-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wagner, F. B., Mignardot, J.-B., Le Goff-Mignardot, C. G., Demesmaeker, R., Komi, S., Capogrosso, M., Rowald, A., Seáñez, I., Caban, M., Pirondini, E., Vat, M., McCracken, L. A., Heimgartner, R., Fodor, I., Watrin, A., Seguin, P., Paoles, E., Van Den Keybus, K., Eberle, G., Schurch, B., Pralong, E., Becce, F., Prior, J., Buse, N., Buschman, R., Neufeld, E., Kuster, N., Carda, S., von Zitzewitz, J., Delattre, V., Denison, T., Lambert, H., Minassian, K., Bloch, J., Courtine, G., Targeted neurotechnology restores walking in humans with spinal cord injury. Nature 563, 65–71 (2018).10.1038/s41586-018-0649-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lorach, H., Galvez, A., Spagnolo, V., Martel, F., Karakas, S., Intering, N., Vat, M., Faivre, O., Harte, C., Komi, S., Ravier, J., Collin, T., Coquoz, L., Sakr, I., Baaklini, E., Hernandez-Charpak, S. D., Dumont, G., Buschman, R., Buse, N., Denison, T., van Nes, I., Asboth, L., Watrin, A., Struber, L., Sauter-Starace, F., Langar, L., Auboiroux, V., Carda, S., Chabardes, S., Aksenova, T., Demesmaeker, R., Charvet, G., Bloch, J., Courtine, G., Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain-spine interface. Nature 618, 126–33 (2023).10.1038/s41586-023-06094-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Anumanchipalli, G. K., Chartier, J., Chang, E. F., Speech synthesis from neural decoding of spoken sentences. Nature 568, 493–8 (2019).10.1038/s41586-019-1119-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Moses, D. A., Metzger, S. L., Liu, J. R., Anumanchipalli, G. K., Makin, J. G., Sun, P. F., Chartier, J., Dougherty, M. E., Liu, P. M., Abrams, G. M., Tu-Chan, A., Ganguly, K., Chang, E. F., Neuroprosthesis for decoding speech in a paralyzed person with anarthria. N Engl J Med 385, 217–27 (2021).10.1056/NEJMoa2027540CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Willett, F. R., Avansino, D. T., Hochberg, L. R., Henderson, J. M., Shenoy, K. V., High-performance brain-to-text communication via handwriting. Nature 593, 249–54 (2021).10.1038/s41586-021-03506-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Willett, F. R., Kunz, E. M., Fan, C., Avansino, D. T., Wilson, G. H., Choi, E. Y., Kamdar, F., Glasser, M. F., Hochberg, L. R., Druckmann, S., Shenoy, K. V., Henderson, J. M., A high-performance speech neuroprosthesis. Nature 620, 1031–6 (2023).10.1038/s41586-023-06377-xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wandelt, S. K., Kellis, S., Bjånes, D. A., Pejsa, K., Lee, B., Liu, C., Andersen, R. A., Decoding grasp and speech signals from the cortical grasp circuit in a tetraplegic human. Neuron 110, 1777–87.e3 (2022).10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.009CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wandelt, S. K., Bjånes, D. A., Pejsa, K., Lee, B., Liu, C., Andersen, R. A., Representation of internal speech by single neurons in human supramarginal gyrus. Nat Hum Behav, doi: 10.1038/s41562-024-01867-y (2024).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Naddaf, M., Brain-reading device is best yet at decoding “internal speech.” Nature, doi: 10.1038/d41586-024-01424-7 (2024).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hampson, R. E., Song, D., Robinson, B. S., Fetterhoff, D., Dakos, A. S., Roeder, B. M., She, X., Wicks, R. T., Witcher, M. R., Couture, D. E., Laxton, A. W., Munger-Clary, H., Popli, G., Sollman, M. J., Whitlow, C. T., Marmarelis, V. Z., Berger, T. W., Deadwyler, S. A., Developing a hippocampal neural prosthetic to facilitate human memory encoding and recall. J Neural Eng 15, 036014 (2018).10.1088/1741-2552/aaaed7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Roeder, B. M., Riley, M. R., She, X., Dakos, A. S., Robinson, B. S., Moore, B. J., Couture, D. E., Laxton, A. W., Popli, G., Munger Clary, H. M., Sam, M., Heck, C., Nune, G., Lee, B., Liu, C., Shaw, S., Gong, H., Marmarelis, V. Z., Berger, T. W., Deadwyler, S. A., Song, D., Hampson, R. E., Patterned hippocampal stimulation facilitates memory in patients with a history of head impact and/or brain injury. Front Hum Neurosci 16, 933401 (2022).10.3389/fnhum.2022.933401CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ezzyat, Y., Wanda, P. A., Levy, D. F., Kadel, A., Aka, A., Pedisich, I., Sperling, M. R., Sharan, A. D., Lega, B. C., Burks, A., Gross, R. E., Inman, C. S., Jobst, B. C., Gorenstein, M. A., Davis, K. A., Worrell, G. A., Kucewicz, M. T., Stein, J. M., Gorniak, R., Das, S. R., Rizzuto, D. S., Kahana, M. J., Closed-loop stimulation of temporal cortex rescues functional networks and improves memory. Nat Commun 9, 365 (2018).10.1038/s41467-017-02753-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kragel, J. E., Ezzyat, Y., Lega, B. C., Sperling, M. R., Worrell, G. A., Gross, R. E., Jobst, B. C., Sheth, S. A., Zaghloul, K. A., Stein, J. M., Kahana, M. J., Distinct cortical systems reinstate the content and context of episodic memories. Nat Commun 12, 4444 (2021).10.1038/s41467-021-24393-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sani, O. G., Yang, Y., Lee, M. B., Dawes, H. E., Chang, E. F., Shanechi, M. M., Mood variations decoded from multi-site intracranial human brain activity. Nat Biotechnol 36, 954–61 (2018).10.1038/nbt.4200CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shanechi, M. M., Brain–machine interfaces from motor to mood. Nat Neurosci 22, 1554–64 (2019).10.1038/s41593-019-0488-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Thielen, B., Xu, H., Fujii, T., Rangwala, S. D., Jiang, W., Lin, M., Kammen, A., Liu, C., Selvan, P., Song, D., Mack, W. J., Meng, E., Making a case for endovascular approaches for neural recording and stimulation. J Neural Eng 20, 011001 (2023).10.1088/1741-2552/acb086CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Opie, N. L., John, S. E., Rind, G. S., Ronayne, S. M., Wong, Y. T., Gerboni, G., Yoo, P. E., Lovell, T. J. H., Scordas, T. C. M., Wilson, S. L., Dornom, A., T. Vale, T. O’Brien, J., Grayden, D. B., May, C. N., Oxley, T. J., Focal stimulation of the sheep motor cortex with a chronically implanted minimally invasive electrode array mounted on an endovascular stent. Nat Biomed Eng 2, 907–14 (2018).10.1038/s41551-018-0321-zCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Oxley, T. J., Opie, N. L., John, S. E., Rind, G. S., Ronayne, S. M., Wheeler, T. L., Judy, J. W., McDonald, A. J., Dornom, A., Lovell, T. J. H., Steward, C., Garrett, D. J., Moffat, B. A., Lui, E. H., Yassi, N., Campbell, B. C. V., Wong, Y. T., Fox, K. E., Nurse, E. S., Bennett, I. E., Bauquier, S. H., Liyanage, K. A., van der Nagel, N. R., Perucca, P., Ahnood, A., Gill, K. P., Yan, B., Churilov, L., French, C. R., Desmond, P. M., Horne, M. K., Kiers, L., S. Prawer, S. Davis, M., Burkitt, A. N., Mitchell, P. J., Grayden, D. B., May, C. N., O’Brien, T. J., Minimally invasive endovascular stent-electrode array for high-fidelity, chronic recordings of cortical neural activity. Nat Biotechnol 34, 320–7 (2016).10.1038/nbt.3428CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mitchell, P., Lee, S. C. M., Yoo, P. E., Morokoff, A., Sharma, R. P., Williams, D. L., MacIsaac, C., Howard, M. E., Irving, L., Vrljic, I., Williams, C., Bush, S., Balabanski, A. H., Drummond, K. J., Desmond, P., Weber, D., Denison, T., Mathers, S., O’Brien, T. J., Mocco, J., Grayden, D. B., Liebeskind, D. S., Opie, N. L., Oxley, T. J., Campbell, B. C. V., Assessment of safety of a fully implanted endovascular brain-computer interface for severe paralysis in 4 patients: the Stentrode With Thought-Controlled Digital Switch (SWITCH) study. JAMA Neurol 80, 270–8 (2023).10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4847CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Macé, E., Montaldo, G., Cohen, I., Baulac, M., Fink, M., Tanter, M., Functional ultrasound imaging of the brain. Nat Methods 8, 662–4 (2011).10.1038/nmeth.1641CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Norman, S. L., Maresca, D., Christopoulos, V. N., Griggs, W. S., Demene, C., Tanter, M., Shapiro, M. G., Andersen, R. A., Single trial decoding of movement intentions using functional ultrasound neuroimaging. Neuron 109, 1554–66.e4 (2021).10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Griggs, W. S., Norman, S. L., Deffieux, T., Segura, F., Osmanski, B.-F., Chau, G., Christopoulos, V., Liu, C., Tanter, M., Shapiro, M. G., Andersen, R. A., Decoding motor plans using a closed-loop ultrasonic brain–machine interface. Nat Neurosci 27, 196–207 (2023).10.1038/s41593-023-01500-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rabut, C., Norman, S. L., Griggs, W. S., Russin, J. J., Jann, K., Christopoulos, V., Liu, C., Andersen, R. A., Shapiro, M. G., A window to the brain: ultrasound imaging of human neural activity through a permanent acoustic window. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2023). https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.14.544094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Morrell, M. J., RNS System in Epilepsy Study Group, Responsive cortical stimulation for the treatment of medically intractable partial epilepsy. Neurology 77, 1295–304 (2011).10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182302056CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, B., Zubair, M. N., Marquez, Y. D., Lee, D. M., Kalayjian, L. A., Heck, C. N., Liu, C. Y., A single-center experience with the NeuroPace RNS system: A review of techniques and potential problems. World Neurosurg 84, 719–26 (2015).10.1016/j.wneu.2015.04.050CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Levy, R. M., Harvey, R. L., Kissela, B. M., Winstein, C. J., Lutsep, H. L., Parrish, T. B., Cramer, S. C., Venkatesan, L., Epidural electrical stimulation for stroke rehabilitation: Results of the prospective, multicenter, randomized, single-blinded Everest trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 30, 107–19 (2016).10.1177/1545968315575613CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Harvey, R. L., Edwards, D., Dunning, K., Fregni, F., Stein, J., Laine, J., Rogers, L. M., Vox, F., Durand-Sanchez, A., Bockbrader, M., Goldstein, L. B., Francisco, G. E., Kinney, C. L., Liu, C. Y., NICHE Trial Investigators, Randomized sham-controlled trial of navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for motor recovery in stroke. Stroke 49, 2138–46 (2018).10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.020607CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Edwards, D. J., Liu, C. Y., Dunning, K., Fregni, F., Laine, J., Leiby, B. E., Rogers, L. M., Harvey, R. L., Electric field navigated 1-Hz rTMS for poststroke motor recovery: The E-FIT randomized controlled trial. Stroke 54, 2254–64 (2023).10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.043164CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dawson, J., Liu, C. Y., Francisco, G. E., Cramer, S. C., Wolf, S. L., Dixit, A., Alexander, J., Ali, R., Brown, B. L., Feng, W., L. DeMark, L. Hochberg, R., Kautz, S. A., Majid, A., O’Dell, M. W., Pierce, D., Prudente, C. N., Redgrave, J., Turner, D. L., Engineer, N. D., Kimberley, T. J., Vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation for upper limb motor function after ischaemic stroke (VNS-REHAB): a randomised, blinded, pivotal, device trial. Lancet 397, 1545–53 (2021).10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00475-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Liu, C. Y., Russin, J., Adelson, D. P., Jenkins, A., Hilmi, O., Brown, B., Lega, B., Whitworth, T., Bhattacharyya, D., Schwartz, T. H., Krishna, V., Williams, Z., Uff, C., Willie, J., Hoffman, C., Vandergrift, W. A., Achrol, A. S., Ali, R., Konrad, P., Edmonds, J., Kim, D., Bhatt, P., Tarver, B. W., Pierce, D., Jain, R., Burress, C., Casavant, R., Prudente, C. N., N. D. Engineer, Vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation for stroke: Implantation experience from the VNS-REHAB trial. J Clin Neurosci 105, 122–8 (2022).10.1016/j.jocn.2022.09.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dawson, J., Abdul-Rahim, A. H., Kimberley, T. J., Neurostimulation for treatment of post-stroke impairments. Nat Rev Neurol 20, 259–68 (2024).10.1038/s41582-024-00953-zCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bowles, S., Hickman, J., Peng, X., Williamson, W. R., Huang, R., Washington, K., Donegan, D., Welle, C. G., Vagus nerve stimulation drives selective circuit modulation through cholinergic reinforcement. Neuron 110, 2867–85.e7 (2022).10.1016/j.neuron.2022.06.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Grover, S., Wen, W., Viswanathan, V., Gill, C. T., Reinhart, R. M. G., Long-lasting, dissociable improvements in working memory and long-term memory in older adults with repetitive neuromodulation. Nat Neurosci 25, 1237–46 (2022).10.1038/s41593-022-01132-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kreydin, E. I., Gad, P., Gao, B., Liu, C. Y., Ginsberg, D. A., Jann, K., The effect of stroke on micturition associated brain activity: A pilot fMRI study. Neurourology and Urodynamics 39, 2198–205 (2020).10.1002/nau.24473CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kreydin, E. I., Abedi, A., Montero, V. S., Morales, L., Jen, R., Perez, L., La Riva, A., Kohli, P., Liu, C. Y., Ginsberg, D. A., Gad, P., Edgerton, V. R., Jann, K., A pilot study of the effect of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation on micturition-related brain activity and lower urinary tract symptoms after stroke. J Urol 211, 294–304 (2024).10.1097/JU.0000000000003776CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hastings, S., Zhong, H., Feinstein, R., Zelczer, G., Mitrovich, C., Gad, P., Edgerton, V. R., A pilot study combining noninvasive spinal neuromodulation and activity-based neurorehabilitation therapy in children with cerebral palsy. Nat Commun 13, 5660 (2022).10.1038/s41467-022-33208-wCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Na, S., Russin, J. J., Lin, L., Yuan, X., Hu, P., Jann, K. B., Yan, L., Maslov, K., Shi, J., Wang, D. J., Liu, C. Y., Wang, L. V., Massively parallel functional photoacoustic computed tomography of the human brain. Nat Biomed Eng 6, 584–92 (2022).Google ScholarPubMed

Agyeman, K. A., Lee, D. J., Russin, J., Kreydin, E. I., Choi, W., Abedi, A., Lo, Y. T., Cavaleri, J., Wu, K., Edgerton, V. R., Liu, C., Christopoulos, V. N., Functional ultrasound imaging of the human spinal cord. Neuron 112, 1710–22.e3 (2024).10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Agyeman, K. A., Lee, D. J., Abedi, A., Sakellaridi, S., Kreydin, E. I., Russin, J., Lo, Y. T., Wu, K., Choi, W., Edgerton, V. R., Liu, C., Christopoulos, V. N., Human spinal cord activation during filling and emptying of the bladder. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2024). https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.16.580736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huang, Y. X., Mahler, S., Dickson, M., Abedi, A., Tyszka, J. M., Lo, Y. T., Russin, J., Liu, C., Yang, C., A compact and cost-effective laser-powered speckle visibility spectroscopy (SVS) device for measuring cerebral blood flow. ArXiv, arXiv:2401.16592v2 (2024).10.1117/1.JBO.29.6.067001CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Feigin, VL, Vos, T, Nichols, E, Owolabi, MO, Carroll, WM, Dichgans, M, et al. The Global Burden of Neurological Disorders: Translating Evidence Into Policy. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19:255–65.10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30411-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

GBD 2017 US Neurological Disorders Collaborators. Burden of Neurological Disorders Across the US from 1990–2017: A Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78:165–76.Google Scholar

del, R. Millan, J, Galan, F, Vanhooydonck, D, Lew, E, Philips, J, Nuttin, >M. Asynchronous Non-invasive Brain-actuated Control of an Intelligent Wheelchair. 2009 Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009:3361–4.10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5332828CrossRefM.+Asynchronous+Non-invasive+Brain-actuated+Control+of+an+Intelligent+Wheelchair.+2009+Annu+Int+Conf+IEEE+Eng+Med+Biol+Soc.+2009:3361–4.>Google Scholar

Birbaumer, N, Ghanayim, N, Hinterberger, T, Iversen, I, Kotchoubey, B, Kübler, A, et al. A Spelling Device for the Paralysed. Nature. 1999;398:297–8.10.1038/18581CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Scherer, R, Muller, GR, Neuper, C, Graimann, B, Pfurtscheller, G. An Asynchronously Controlled EEG-based Virtual Keyboard: Improvement of the Spelling Rate. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2004;51:979–84.10.1109/TBME.2004.827062CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sellers, EW, Krusienski, DJ, McFarland, DJ, Vaughan, TM, Wolpaw, JR. A P300 Event-related Potential Brain–Computer Interface (BCI): The Effects of Matrix Size and Inter Stimulus Interval on Performance. Biol Psychol. 2006;73:242–52.10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.04.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bensch, M, Karim, AA, Mellinger, J, Hinterberger, T, Tangermann, M, Bogdan, M, et al. Nessi: An EEG-Controlled Web Browser for Severely Paralyzed Patients. Comput Intell Neurosci. 2007;2007:e71863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Karim, AA, Hinterberger, T, Richter, J, Mellinger, J, Neumann, N, Flor, H, et al. Neural Internet: Web Surfing with Brain Potentials for the Completely Paralyzed. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2006;20:508–15.10.1177/1545968306290661CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bayliss, JD. Use of the Evoked Potential P3 Component for Control in a Virtual Apartment. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2003;11:113–16.10.1109/TNSRE.2003.814438CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Leeb, R, Friedman, D, Müller-Putz, GR, Scherer, R, Slater, M, Pfurtscheller, G. Self-Paced (Asynchronous) BCI Control of a Wheelchair in Virtual Environments: A Case Study with a Tetraplegic. Comput Intell Neurosci. 2007;2007:e79642.10.1155/2007/79642CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Leeb, R, Lee, F, Keinrath, C, Scherer, R, Bischof, H, Pfurtscheller, G. Brain–Computer Communication: Motivation, Aim, and Impact of Exploring a Virtual Apartment. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2007;15:473–82.10.1109/TNSRE.2007.906956CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

del R, Millán J, Rupp, R, Mueller-Putz, G, Murray-Smith, R, Giugliemma, C, Tangermann, M, et al. Combining Brain–Computer Interfaces and Assistive Technologies: State-of-the-Art and Challenges. Front Neurosci [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2023 Jul 14];4. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2010.00161Google Scholar

Chaudhary, U, Vlachos, I, Zimmermann, JB, Espinosa, A, Tonin, A, Jaramillo-Gonzalez, A, et al. Spelling Interface Using Intracortical Signals in a Completely Locked-in Patient Enabled via Auditory Neurofeedback Training. Nat Commun. 2022;13:1236.10.1038/s41467-022-28859-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Saha, S, Mamun, KA, Ahmed, K, Mostafa, R, Naik, GR, Darvishi, S, et al. Progress in Brain Computer Interface: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Syst Neurosci [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jun 1];15. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2021.57887510.3389/fnsys.2021.578875CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gupta, A, Vardalakis, N, Wagner, FB. Neuroprosthetics: From Sensorimotor to Cognitive Disorders. Commun Biol. 2023;6:1–17.10.1038/s42003-022-04390-wCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kim, GH, Kim, K, Lee, E, An, T, Choi, W, Lim, G, et al. Recent Progress on Microelectrodes in Neural Interfaces. Materials. 2018;11:1995.10.3390/ma11101995CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kawala-Sterniuk, A, Browarska, N, Al-Bakri, A, Pelc, M, Zygarlicki, J, Sidikova, M, et al. Summary of Over Fifty Years with Brain-Computer Interfaces – A Review. Brain Sci. 2021;11:43.10.3390/brainsci11010043CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mudry, A, Mills, M. The Early History of the Cochlear Implant: A Retrospective. JAMA Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2013;139:446–53.Google ScholarPubMed

Rubin, DB, Ajiboye, AB, Barefoot, L, Bowker, M, Cash, SS, Chen, D, et al. Interim Safety Profile From the Feasibility Study of the BrainGate Neural Interface System. Neurology. 2023;100:e1177–92.10.1212/WNL.0000000000201707CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ranjan, M, Ranjan, N, Deogaonkar, M, Rezai, A. Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Addiction. Neurol India. 2020;68:S282–7.Google ScholarPubMed

Biran, R, Martin, DC, Tresco, PA. The Brain Tissue Response to Implanted Silicon Microelectrode Arrays is Increased When the Device is Tethered to the Skull. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2007;82:169–78.Google ScholarPubMed

Woeppel, K, Hughes, C, Herrera, AJ, Eles, JR, Tyler-Kabara, EC, Gaunt, RA, et al. Explant Analysis of Utah Electrode Arrays Implanted in Human Cortex for Brain–Computer-Interfaces. Front Bioeng Biotechnol [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 May 31];9. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.75971110.3389/fbioe.2021.759711CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hochberg, LR, Bacher, D, Jarosiewicz, B, Masse, NY, Simeral, JD, Vogel, J, et al. Reach and Grasp by People with Tetraplegia Using a Neurally Controlled Robotic Arm. Nature. 2012;485:372–5.10.1038/nature11076CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Neuralink, Musk E. An Integrated Brain–Machine Interface Platform with Thousands of Channels. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21:e16194.Google Scholar

Towle, VL, Pytel, P, Lane, F, Plass, J, Frim, DM, Troyk, PR. Postmortem Investigation of a Human Cortical Visual Prosthesis that was Implanted for 36 years. J Neural Eng. 2020;17:045010.10.1088/1741-2552/ab9d11CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ho, E, Hettick, M, Papageorgiou, D, Poole, AJ, Monge, M, Vomero, M, et al. The Layer 7 Cortical Interface: A Scalable and Minimally Invasive Brain–Computer Interface Platform [Internet]. bioRxiv; 2022 [cited 2023 May 31]. p. 2022.01.02.474656. Available from: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.02.474656v110.1101/2022.01.02.474656CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Precision Neuroscience Begins First-in-Human Study of its Neural Interface Technology [Internet]. financialpost. [cited 2023 Jun 10]. Available from: https://financialpost.com/globe-newswire/precision-neuroscience-begins-first-in-human-study-of-its-neural-interface-technologyGoogle Scholar

Soldozy, S, Young, S, Kumar, JS, Capek, S, Felbaum, DR, Jean, WC, et al. A Systematic Review of Endovascular Stent-Electrode Arrays, A Minimally Invasive Approach to Brain–Machine Interfaces. Neurosurg Focus. 2020;49:E3.10.3171/2020.4.FOCUS20186CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Oxley, TJ, Yoo, PE, Rind, GS, Ronayne, SM, Lee, CMS, Bird, C, et al. Motor Neuroprosthesis Implanted with Neurointerventional Surgery Improves Capacity for Activities of Daily Living Tasks in Severe Paralysis: First In-human Experience. J NeuroInterventional Surg. 2021;13:102–8.10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016862CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mitchell, P, Lee, SCM, Yoo, PE, Morokoff, A, Sharma, RP, Williams, DL, et al. Assessment of Safety of a Fully Implanted Endovascular Brain–Computer Interface for Severe Paralysis in 4 Patients: The Stentrode with Thought-Controlled Digital Switch (SWITCH) Study. JAMA Neurol. 2023;80:270–8.10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4847CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wellman, SM, Eles, JR, Ludwig, KA, Seymour, JP, Michelson, NJ, McFadden, WE, et al. A Materials Roadmap to Functional Neural Interface Design. Adv Funct Mater. 2018;28:1701269.10.1002/adfm.201701269CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

El-Atab, N, Shaikh, SF, Hussain, MM. Nano-scale Transistors for Interfacing with Brain: Design Criteria, Progress and Prospect. Nanotechnology. 2019;30:442001.10.1088/1361-6528/ab3534CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Liu, J, Fu, T-M, Cheng, Z, Hong, G, Zhou, T, Jin, L, et al. Syringe-injectable Electronics. Nat Nanotechnol. 2015;10:629–36.10.1038/nnano.2015.115CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dural Venous Sinus Stenting for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: An Updated Review – ClinicalKey [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 4]. Available from: https://www-clinicalkey-com.wvu.idm.oclc.org/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0150986118302025Google Scholar

Skarpaas, TL, Jarosiewicz, B, Morrell, MJ. Brain-responsive Neurostimulation for Epilepsy (RNS® System). Epilepsy Res. 2019;153:68–70.10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.02.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brandman, DM, Cash, SS, Hochberg, LR. Review: Human Intracortical Recording and Neural Decoding for Brain Computer Interfaces. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng Publ IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2017;25:1687–96.Google ScholarPubMed

Sahasrabuddhe, K, Khan, AA, Singh, AP, Stern, TM, Ng, Y, Tadić, A, et al. The Argo: A High Channel Count Recording System for Neural Recording In Vivo. J Neural Eng. 2021;18:015002.10.1088/1741-2552/abd0ceCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Epilepsy | Ad-Tech Medical [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 10]. Available from: https://adtechmedical.com/epilepsy#subdural-electrodesGoogle Scholar

Oxley, TJ, Opie, NL, John, SE, Rind, GS, Ronayne, SM, Wheeler, TL, et al. Minimally Invasive Endovascular Stent-Electrode Array for High-fidelity, Chronic Recordings of Cortical Neural Activity. Nat Biotechnol. 2016;34:320–7.10.1038/nbt.3428CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Medtronic, SenSight – DBS Directional Lead [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 10]. Available from: https://www.medtronic.com/us-en/healthcare-professionals/products/neurological/deep-brain-stimulation-systems/sensight-lead.htmlGoogle Scholar

Zhuang, J, Truccolo, W, Vargas-Irwin, C, Donoghue, JP. Decoding 3-D Reach and Grasp Kinematics From High-Frequency Local Field Potentials in Primate Primary Motor Cortex. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2010;57:1774–84.Google ScholarPubMed

Sharma, G, Friedenberg, DA, Annetta, N, Glenn, B, Bockbrader, M, Majstorovic, C, et al. Using an Artificial Neural Bypass to Restore Cortical Control of Rhythmic Movements in a Human with Quadriplegia. Sci Rep. 2016;6:33807.10.1038/srep33807CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Branco, MP, Pels, EGM, Sars, RH, Aarnoutse, EJ, Ramsey, NF, Vansteensel, MJ, et al. Brain–Computer Interfaces for Communication: Preferences of Individuals with Locked-in Syndrome. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2021;35:267–79.10.1177/1545968321989331CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Chari, A, Budhdeo, S, Sparks, R, Barone, DG, Marcus, HJ, Pereira, EAC, et al. Brain–Machine Interfaces: The Role of the Neurosurgeon. World Neurosurg. 2021;146:140–7.10.1016/j.wneu.2020.11.028CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Zhang, S, Tagliati, M, Pouratian, N, Cheeran, B, Ross, E, Pereira, E. Steering the Volume of Tissue Activated with a Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Lead in the Globus Pallidus Pars Interna: A Modeling Study with Heterogeneous Tissue Properties. Front Comput Neurosci. 2020;14:561180.10.3389/fncom.2020.561180CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Vercise^TM DBS Leads Directions for Use [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 10]. Available from: https://www.bostonscientific.com/content/dam/Manuals/us/current-rev-en/92104398-01_Vercise%E2%84%A2_DBS_Leads_DFU_en-USA_s.pdfGoogle Scholar

Thakor, NV. Translating the Brain–Machine Interface. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5:210ps17-210ps17.10.1126/scitranslmed.3007303CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kwoh, YS, Hou, J, Jonckheere, EA, Hayati, S. A robot with improved absolute positioning accuracy for CT guided stereotactic brain surgery. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering [Internet]. 1988 Feb;35(2):153–60.10.1109/10.1354CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Clark, MC, Hall, LO, Goldgof, DB, Velthuizen, R, Murtagh, FR, Silbiger, MS. Automatic tumor segmentation using knowledge-based techniques. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 1998 Apr;17(2):187–201.10.1109/42.700731CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Prastawa, M, Bullitt, E, Ho, S, Gerig, G. A brain tumor segmentation framework based on outlier detection*1. Medical Image Analysis. 2004 Sep;8(3):275–83.10.1016/j.media.2004.06.007CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Havaei, M, Dutil, F, Pal, C, Larochelle, H, Jodoin, PM. A convolutional neural network approach to brain tumor segmentation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2016 Jan; 195–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moses, DA, Metzger, SL, Liu, JR, Anumanchipalli, GK, Makin, JG, Sun, PF, et al. Neuroprosthesis for decoding speech in a paralyzed person with anarthria. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021 Jul;385(3):217–27.10.1056/NEJMoa2027540CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dundar, TT, Yurtsever, I, Pehlivanoglu, MK, Yildiz, U, Eker, A, Demir, MA, et al. Machine learning-based surgical planning for neurosurgery: Artificial intelligent approaches to the cranium. Frontiers in Surgery. 2022 Apr;9.10.3389/fsurg.2022.863633CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Karabacak, M, Margetis, K. Machine learning-based prediction of short-term adverse postoperative outcomes in cervical disc arthroplasty patients. World Neurosurgery [Internet]. 2023 Jun 15 [cited 2023 Dec 10];S1878-8750(23)007969. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37330003/Google Scholar

McAvoy, M, Prieto, PC, Kaczmarzyk, JR, Fernández, IS, McNulty, J, Smith, T, et al. Classification of glioblastoma versus primary central nervous system lymphoma using convolutional neural networks. Scientific Reports. 2021 Jul;11(1).10.1038/s41598-021-94733-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Liew, SL, Lo, B, Donnelly, MR, Zavaliangos-Petropulu, Artemis, Jeong, JN, Barisano, G, et al. A large, curated, open-source stroke neuroimaging dataset to improve lesion segmentation algorithms. Scientific Data. 2022 Jun;9(1).10.1038/s41597-022-01401-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Boaro, A, Kaczmarzyk, JR, Kavouridis, VK, Harary, M, Mammi, M, Dawood, H, et al. Deep neural networks allow expert-level brain meningioma segmentation and present potential for improvement of clinical practice. Scientific Reports [Internet]. 2022 Sep 14 [cited 2023 Apr 10];12(1):15462.10.1038/s41598-022-19356-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Su, R, Zhang, D, Liu, J, Cheng, C. MSU-Net: Multi-Scale U-Net for 2D Medical image segmentation. Frontiers in Genetics. 2021 Feb; 12.10.3389/fgene.2021.639930CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Yap, MH, Pons, G, Marti, J, Ganau, S, Sentis, M, Zwiggelaar, R, et al. Automated breast ultrasound lesions detection using convolutional neural networks. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics. 2017 Jul;22(4):1218–26.Google ScholarPubMed

Candemir, S, Jaeger, S, Palaniappan, K, Musco, JP, Singh, RK, Xue, Zhiyun, et al. Lung segmentation in chest radiographs using anatomical atlases with nonrigid registration. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 2013;33(2):577–90.Google ScholarPubMed

Jaeger, S, Karargyris, A, Candemir, S, Folio, L, Siegelman, J, Callaghan, F, et al. Automatic tuberculosis screening using chest radiographs. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 2013;33(2):233–45.Google ScholarPubMed

Tschandl, P, Rosendahl, C, Kittler, H. The HAM10000 dataset, a large collection of multi-source dermatoscopic images of common pigmented skin lesions. Scientific Data [Internet]. 2018 Aug;5(1).10.1038/sdata.2018.161CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Codella, N, Rotemberg, V, Tschandl, P, Celebi, ME, Dusza, S, Gutman, D, et al. Skin lesion analysis toward melanoma detection 2018: A challenge hosted by the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC). arXiv:190203368 [cs] [Internet]. 2019 Mar 29.Google Scholar

Walsh, J, Othmani, A, Jain, M, Dev, S. Using U-Net Network for efficient brain tumor segmentation in MRI images. Healthcare Analytics. 2022 Aug;100098.10.1016/j.health.2022.100098CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Trebeschi, S, Drago, SG, Birkbak, NJ, Kurilova, I, Cǎlin, AM, Delli Pizzi, A, et al. Predicting response to cancer immunotherapy using noninvasive radiomic biomarkers. Annals of Oncology [Internet]. 2019 Jun;30(6):998–1004.10.1093/annonc/mdz108CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jiang, LY, Liu, XC, Nejatian, NP, Nasir-Moin, M, Wang, D, Abidin, A, et al. Health system-scale language models are all-purpose prediction engines. Nature [Internet]. 2023 Jun;1–6. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06160-y.Google Scholar

Mezger, U., Jendrewski, C., Bartels, M.. Navigation in surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2013; 398(4): 501–14.10.1007/s00423-013-1059-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ma, L. and Baowei, F.. Comprehensive review of surgical microscopes: technology development and medical applications. J Biomed Opt. 2021; 26 (1): 010901.10.1117/1.JBO.26.1.010901CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Michalak, S. M., Rolston, J. D., Lawton, M. T.. Incidence and predictors of complications and mortality in cerebrovascular surgery: national trends from 2007 to 2012. Neurosurgery. 2016; 79 (2): 182–93.10.1227/NEU.0000000000001251CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lakomkin, N., Stannard, B., Fogelson, J. L., et al. Comparison of surgical invasiveness and morbidity of adult spinal deformity surgery to other major operations. Spine J. 2021; 21 (11): 1784–92.10.1016/j.spinee.2021.07.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

How many years of postgraduate training do surgical residents undergo? https://www.facs.org/for-medical-professionals/education/online-guide-to-choosing-a-surgical-residency/guide-to-choosing-a-surgical-residency-for-medical-students/faqs/training/. (Accessed June 11, 2023.)Google Scholar

Kelly, P. J.. Stereotactic imaging, surgical planning and computer-assisted resection of intracranial lesions: methods and results. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg. 1990; 17: 77–118.10.1007/978-3-7091-6925-4_3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

In: Furht, B. (eds). Augmented Reality. Encyclopedia of Multimedia. Springer, Boston, MA (2006).10.1007/0-387-30038-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hyman, I.. Filippo Brunelleschi. Encyclopedia Britannica, April 11, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Filippo-Brunelleschi (Accessed June 12, 2023).Google Scholar

Steinhaus, H.. Sur la Localisation au Moyen des Rayons X. Comptes Rendus de L’Acad. des Sci. 1938; 206: 1473–5.Google Scholar

Roberts, D. W., Strohbehn, J. W., Hatch, J. F., et al. A frameless stereotaxic integration of computerized tomographic imaging and the operating microscope. J Neurosurg. 1986; 65 (4): 545–9.10.3171/jns.1986.65.4.0545CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Edwards, P. J., Hawkes, D. J., Hill, D. L., et al. Augmentation of reality using an operating microscope for otolaryngology and neurosurgical guidance. J Image Guid Surg. 1995; 1 (3): 172–8.10.1002/(SICI)1522-712X(1995)1:3<172::AID-IGS7>3.0.CO;2-73.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kawamata, T., Iseki, H., Shibasaki, T., et al. Endoscopic augmented reality navigation system for endonasal transsphenoidal surgery to treat pituitary tumors: technical note. Neurosurgery. 2002; 50 (6): 1393–7.Google ScholarPubMed

Zamorano, L., Vinas, F. C., Buciuc, R., et al. Advanced neurosurgical navigation using a robotic microscope integrated with an infrared-based system. computer-assisted neurosurgery. Springer, Tokyo (1997).Google Scholar

Mascitelli, J. R., Schlachter, L., Chartrain, A. G., et al. Navigation-linked heads-up display in intracranial surgery: early experience. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018; 15 (2): 184–93.Google ScholarPubMed

Fiani, B., Jarrah, R., Griepp, D. W., et al. The role of 3D exoscope systems in neurosurgery: an optical innovation. Cureus. 2021; 13 (6): e15878.Google ScholarPubMed

Guha, D., Alotaibi, N. M., Nguyen, N., et al. Augmented reality in neurosurgery: a review of current concepts and emerging applications. Can J Neurol Sci. 2017; 44 (3): 235–45.10.1017/cjn.2016.443CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gerhardt, J., Sollmann, N., Hiepe, P., et al. Retrospective distortion correction of diffusion tensor imaging data by semi-elastic image fusion – evaluation by means of anatomical landmarks. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019; 183: 105387.10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105387CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Milgram, P., Takemura, H., Utsumi, A., et al. Augmented reality: a class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum. Proc. SPIE 2351, Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies, (21 December 1995).Google Scholar

Keil, H. and Trapp, O.. Fluoroscopic imaging: new advances. Injury. 2022; 53 Suppl. 3: S8–15.10.1016/j.injury.2022.05.035CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Microsoft HoloLens 2. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/hololens. (Accessed June 11, 2023.)Google Scholar

Magic Leap 2. https://www.magicleap.com/magic-leap-2. (Accessed June 11, 2023.)Google Scholar

Nabiyouni, M., Scerbo, S., Bowman, D. A., et al. Relative effects of real-world and virtual-world latency on an augmented reality training task: an AR simulation experiment. Front. ICT 2017; 3: 34.10.3389/fict.2016.00034CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Negwer, C., Hiepe, P., Meyer, B., et al. Elastic fusion enables fusion of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging data with preoperative neuronavigation data. World Neurosurg. 2020; 142: e223–8.10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.166CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Barak, T., Vetsa, S., Nadar, A., et al. Surgical strategies for older patients with glioblastoma. J Neurooncol. 2021; 155 (3): 255–64.Google ScholarPubMed

Bailey, T. and Durrant-Whyte, H.. Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM): part II state of the art. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 2006; 13 (3): 108–17.10.1109/MRA.2006.1678144CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Röntgen, W. C.. On a new kind or rays. Journal of the Franklin Institute 1896; 141; 3: 183–91.10.1016/S0016-0032(96)90066-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Why has France lost 80,000 hospital beds in 20 years? https://www.connexionfrance.com/article/French-news/Why-has-France-lost-80-000-hospital-beds-in-20-years. (Accessed June 12, 2023.)Google Scholar

Jean, W. C.. Virtual and augmented reality in neurosurgery: the evolution of its application and study designs. World Neurosurg. 2022; 161: 459–64.10.1016/j.wneu.2021.08.150CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Amorim-Leite, R, Remick, M, Welch, W, Abel, TJ. History of the network approach in epilepsy surgery. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2020;31(3):301–8.10.1016/j.nec.2020.03.011CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hanjani, K, Fatehi, M, Schmidt, N, Aghakhani, Y, Redekop, GJ. A history of diagnostic investigations in epilepsy surgery. Can J Neurol Sci. 2021;48(6):845–51.Google ScholarPubMed

Reif, PS, Strzelczyk, A, Rosenow, F. The history of invasive EEG evaluation in epilepsy patients. Seizure. 2016;41:191–5.10.1016/j.seizure.2016.04.006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Akhoon, N. Precision medicine: a new paradigm in therapeutics. Int J Prev Med. 2021;12:12.10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_375_19CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brew-Sam, N, Parkinson, A, Lueck, C, et al. The current understanding of precision medicine and personalised medicine in selected research disciplines: study protocol of a systematic concept analysis. BMJ Open. 2022;12(9):e060326.10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060326CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Feindel, W, Leblanc, R, De Almeida, AN. Epilepsy surgery: historical highlights 1909–2009. Epilepsia. 2009;50(s3):131–51.10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02043.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Stone, JL, Hughes, JR. Early history of electroencephalography and establishment of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;30(1):28–44.10.1097/WNP.0b013e31827edb2dCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Yamamoto, T. Recent advancement of technologies and the transition to new concepts in epilepsy surgery. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2020;60(12):581–93.10.2176/nmc.ra.2020-0197CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Meador, KJ, Loring, DW, Flanigin, HF. History of epilepsy surgery. J Epilepsy. 1989;2(1):21–5.10.1016/0896-6974(89)90054-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, KJ, Fine, AL. Decision-making in stereotactic epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia. 2022;63(11):2782–801.10.1111/epi.17381CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mohamed, A, Wyllie, E, Ruggieri, P, et al. Temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis in pediatric candidates for epilepsy surgery. Neurology. 2001;56(12):1643–9.10.1212/WNL.56.12.1643CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Morrison, G, Duchowny, M, Resnick, T, et al. Epilepsy surgery in childhood: a report of 79 patients. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2008;18(5–6):291–7.Google Scholar

Paolicchi, JM, Jayakar, P, Dean, P, et al. Predictors of outcome in pediatric epilepsy surgery. Neurology. 2000;54(3):642.10.1212/WNL.54.3.642CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Prats, AR, Morrison, G, Wolf, AL. Focal cortical resections for the treatment of extratemporal epilepsy in children. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1995;6(3):533–40.10.1016/S1042-3680(18)30447-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Adelson, PD, Black, PM, Madsen, JR, et al. Use of subdural grids and strip electrodes to identify a seizure focus in children. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1995;22(4):174–80.10.1159/000120898CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gonzalez-Martinez, J, Bulacio, J, Alexopoulos, A, Jehi, L, Bingaman, W, Najm, I. Stereoelectroencephalography in the “difficult to localize” refractory focal epilepsy: early experience from a North American epilepsy center. Epilepsia. 2013;54(2):323–30.10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03672.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gonzalez-Martinez, J, Vadera, S, Mullin, J, et al. Robot-assisted stereotactic laser ablation in medically intractable epilepsy: operative technique. Neurosurgery. 2014;10 Suppl 2:167–72; discussion 172–3.Google ScholarPubMed

Gonzalez-Martinez, JA. The stereo-electroencephalography: the epileptogenic zone. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2016;33(6):522–9.10.1097/WNP.0000000000000327CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nelson, JH, Brackett, SL, Oluigbo, CO, Reddy, SK. Robotic stereotactic assistance (ROSA) for pediatric epilepsy: a single-center experience of 23 consecutive cases. Children (Basel). 2020;7(8).Google ScholarPubMed

Guerrini, R, Scerrati, M, Rubboli, G, et al. Overview of presurgical assessment and surgical treatment of epilepsy from the Italian League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2013;54 Suppl 7:35–48.10.1111/epi.12308CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Stone, SSD, Park, EH, Bolton, J, et al. Interictal connectivity revealed by Granger Analysis of stereoelectroencephalography: association with ictal onset zone, resection, and outcome. Neurosurgery. 2022;91(4):583–9.10.1227/neu.0000000000002079CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Park, EH, Madsen, JR. Granger Causality analysis of interictal iEEG predicts seizure focus and ultimate resection. Neurosurgery. 2018;82(1):99–109.10.1093/neuros/nyx195CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Belohlavkova, A, Jezdik, P, Jahodova, A, et al. Evolution of pediatric epilepsy surgery program over 2000–2017: improvement of care? Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2019;23(3):456–65.10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.04.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Simon, SL, Telfeian, A, Duhaime, AC. Complications of invasive monitoring used in intractable pediatric epilepsy. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2003;38(1):47–52.10.1159/000067555CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hader, WJ, Tellez-Zenteno, J, Metcalfe, A, et al. Complications of epilepsy surgery: a systematic review of focal surgical resections and invasive EEG monitoring. Epilepsia. 2013;54(5):840–7.10.1111/epi.12161CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rotenberg, K. Bayesian Localization of the Seizure Onset Zone: A Theoretical Framework for Surgical Decision Making. Bachelor’s thesis, Harvard University; 2023.Google Scholar

Hoogteijling, S, Zijlmans, M. Deep learning for epileptogenic zone delineation from the invasive EEG: challenges and lookouts. Brain Comm. 2021;4(1).Google ScholarPubMed

Mirchi, N, Warsi, NM, Zhang, F, et al. Decoding intracranial EEG with machine learning: a systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022;16:913777.10.3389/fnhum.2022.913777CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Andrzejak, RG, Schindler, KA, Rummel, C. Nonrandomness, nonlinear dependence, and nonstationarity of electroencephalographic recordings from epilepsy patients. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2012;86 4 Pt 2:046206.10.1103/PhysRevE.86.046206CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Andrzejak, RG, Lehnertz, K, Mormann, F, Rieke, C, David, P, Elger, CE. Indications of nonlinear deterministic and finite-dimensional structures in time series of brain electrical activity: dependence on recording region and brain state. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2001;64(6 Pt 1):061907.10.1103/PhysRevE.64.061907CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jehi, L. Machine learning for precision epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy Currents. 2023;23(2):78–83.10.1177/15357597221150055CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jacobs, J, Staba, R, Asano, E, et al. High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in clinical epilepsy. Prog Neurobiol. 2012;98(3):302–15.10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.03.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Munia, TTK, Aviyente, S. Time-frequency based phase-amplitude coupling measure for neuronal oscillations. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):12441.10.1038/s41598-019-48870-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Yuste, R, Goering, S, Arcas, BAY, et al. Four ethical priorities for neurotechnologies and AI. Nature. 2017;551(7679):159–63.10.1038/551159aCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Asplund, M. Accessing the brain with soft deployable electrocorticography arrays. Sci Robot. 2023;8(78):eadg2785.10.1126/scirobotics.adg2785CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Song, S, Fallegger, F, Trouillet, A, Kim, K, Lacour, SP Deployment of an electrocorticography system with a soft robotic actuator. Sci Robot. 2023;8(78):eadd1002.10.1126/scirobotics.add1002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed